Coronary heart disease (CHD), referred to as coronary heart disease (guān xīn bìng), is the most common type of heart disease, and is also known as ischemic cardiomyopathy (IHD) because of myocardial dysfunction and/or organic lesions caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries and inadequate blood supply. (95-99%). Therefore, it is customary to consider coronary heart disease as synonymous with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Symptoms of coronary heart disease manifest as a crushing pain in the center of the chest that may extend to the neck, jaw, arms, back, and stomach. Other possible symptoms of a coronary heart attack are vertigo, shortness of breath, sweating, chills, nausea and fainting. Severe cases may result in death due to heart failure. Disease Alias: Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease Location: Chest Department: Cardiovascular Medicine Signs and symptoms: Chest pain and tightness mostly occur during activity and can be relieved by rest or nitroglycerin, mostly lasting a few minutes to ten minutes. Physical examination: electrocardiogram, dynamic panel test, 64-row dual CT, coronary angiography, medication: nitroglycerin, asprin, betalactam, captopril, atorvastatin calcium tablets, etiology: Heart disease caused by narrowing of the lumen of the coronary artery due to atheromatous plaque formation in the wall of the coronary artery. The clinical symptoms of coronary artery disease vary depending on the number of branches and the degree of coronary artery stenosis. I. Current research results The cause of this disease is still not completely clear, but it is thought to be related to hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperviscosity, diabetes, endocrine hypofunction and old age. 1, age and gender: the incidence of coronary heart disease increases after 40 years of age, and the incidence is lower in women than in men before menopause, and equal to that of men after menopause. 2, hyperlipidemia: In addition to age, disorders of lipid metabolism are the most important predictors of coronary heart disease. There is a close relationship between total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) levels and the risk of coronary heart disease events. each 1% increase in LDLC level increases the risk of coronary heart disease by 2-3%. Triglyceride (TG) is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease, often accompanied by low HDLC and abnormal glucose tolerance, the latter two are also risk factors for coronary heart disease. 3, hypertension: hypertension is closely related to the formation and development of coronary atherosclerosis. Systolic blood pressure is a better predictor of coronary events than diastolic blood pressure. 140-149 mmhg systolic blood pressure is more likely to increase the risk of coronary death than 90-94 mmhg diastolic blood pressure. 4, smoking: smoking is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease, and is the single most avoidable cause of death. There is a clear dose-response relationship between coronary heart disease and smoking. 5, diabetes: coronary heart disease is the primary cause of death in underage diabetic patients, coronary heart disease accounts for nearly 80% of all causes of death and hospitalization in diabetic patients. 6, obesity: has been clearly for the primary risk factors of coronary heart disease, can increase the mortality rate of coronary heart disease. Obesity is defined as body mass index (BMI = weight (kg) / height squared (m2)) in men >= 27.8, women >= 27.3. BMI is positively correlated with TC, TG increase, HDL-C decrease. 7, sedentary lifestyle: the risk of coronary heart disease and death will be doubled in people who do not like to exercise. 8, there are also genetic, alcohol consumption, environmental factors, etc. It is worth noting that a research institute in Qingdao claims to have discovered the main causative agent of coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, etc. It is believed that the number of Toxoplasma gondii (also called trichostomes, hereafter called trichostomes) in the myocardium (including coronary arteries) cells and in the conduction nerve cells of infected people is second only to the brain. They are alternately active in a parasitic and pathogenic state, interfering with heart function and causing heart disease. The infection of the heart by Toxoplasma gondii is divided into two types: acute and chronic: 1. Acute T. gondii heart disease, which can manifest as myocarditis and pericarditis-like symptoms. It can cause myocardial infarction. Large-scale myocardial infarction, which can lead to death. 2. Chronic Toxoplasma gondii heart disease has a slow onset and can be divided into three stages: The first stage is the hyperactive stage, in which a small number of myocardial cells and conduction nerve cells have a small amount of Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasma gondii). No (or a small number of) cells are yet destroyed. In the presence of worm disturbance, a hyperactive state is manifested. The cause of hyperactivity is often diagnosed as unexplained. Patients at this stage are more common in the adolescent population. The cause of myocardial hyperactivity is also accompanied by hyperactivity of glands (e.g. thyroid), which is generally overlooked at this stage. Hyperactivity is not evident or is short-lived in well-adapted hosts. The second stage is the stabilization stage (i.e., the compensatory stage). This stage has a higher number of cells with Toxoplasma gondii (trichostrongylus) and even a portion of cells destroyed by Toxoplasma gondii (trichostrongylus). The prolonged worm disturbance causes the muscle to adapt and the hyperactivity disappears. Due to the strong compensatory function of the myocardium, there is no sensation of disease in the host. However, some pathological reactions occur when the heart load is increased under adverse conditions. It is often mistakenly thought to be caused by external conditions (e.g. overexertion, stimulation). Because of good external conditions, the heart works back to normal. This stage continues for a long time, more often up to decades, and individual patients may experience occasional transient chest pain. The third stage is the decline stage (i.e. coronary heart disease, cardiovascular syndrome stage). In this stage, the number of myocardial cells occupied by worms is quite large, and the number of worms inside the occupied cells is also large, and the number of destroyed myocardial cells and nerve cells is also large, and the compensatory function reaches its limit. Symptoms of myocardial ischemia will appear. At this time, Toxoplasma gondii (three corpse worms) destroys the blood vessel wall (especially coronary arteries), and the destroyed tissue cells will repair themselves, and after repair, they will form scars, be destroyed again, and then repaired, and so on and so forth for many years, so that the blood vessels lose their original nature, and the walls become thicker and less elastic. In the late stage, comprehensive cardiovascular disease is formed. Clinical manifestations According to its clinical symptoms, coronary artery disease can be divided into 5 types: 1, angina pectoris: manifested as a feeling of pressure behind the sternum, stuffiness, accompanied by obvious anxiety, lasting 3 to 5 minutes, often spread to the left arm, shoulder, jaw, throat, back, can also be radiated to the right arm. Sometimes these areas can be involved in coronary atherosclerotic heart disease without affecting the posterior sternal region. The onset of angina is called exertional angina when there is an increase in myocardial oxygen consumption due to exertion, emotional stress, cold, or a full meal, and is relieved by rest and nitroglycerin. Sometimes angina pectoris is atypical and may manifest as tightness of breath, syncope, weakness, belching, especially in the elderly. Stable and unstable angina are classified according to the frequency and severity of attacks. Stable angina refers to the exertional angina that has been attacked for more than one month, and its attack site, frequency, severity, duration, the size of the exertion that induces the attack, and the amount of nitroglycerin that can relieve pain are basically stable. Unstable angina refers to an increase in the frequency, duration and severity of the original stable angina attack, or a new attack of exertional angina (occurring within one month), or an attack of angina at rest. Unstable angina is a precursor to acute myocardial infarction, so once found should immediately go to the hospital. 2, myocardial infarction type: about a week before the infarction occurs there are often prodromal symptoms, such as angina pectoris at rest and during light physical activity, accompanied by obvious discomfort and fatigue. The infarction is characterized by persistent severe pressure, stuffiness, or even knife-like pain, located behind the sternum, often spreading to the entire anterior chest, with the left side being the heaviest. Some patients can extend the left arm ulnar side downward, causing the left wrist, palm and fingers tingling sensation, some patients can radiate to the upper limbs, shoulder, neck, jaw, mainly on the left side. The pain is consistent with the previous angina, but lasts longer and is more severe, and is not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. Sometimes it presents as epigastric pain, which can be easily confused with abdominal disease. It is accompanied by low-grade fever, irritability, excessive and cold sweats, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, dizziness, extreme weakness, dyspnea, and a sense of near death, lasting more than 30 minutes and often several hours. You should seek immediate medical attention if you find this condition. How to detect coronary heart disease early? Coronary heart disease is a common and frequent disease among middle-aged and elderly people. People in this age group should seek medical attention for early detection of coronary heart disease if the following conditions occur in their daily life (1) Dull pain behind the sternum or precordial area, or clenching-like pain that radiates to the left shoulder and left upper arm for 3-5 minutes during exertion or mental tension, and relieves itself after rest. (2) Those who develop chest tightness, palpitations and shortness of breath during physical activity, which relieves itself at rest. (3) Those who develop exercise-related headache, toothache, leg pain, etc. (4) Those who develop chest pain and palpitations during a full meal, cold or watching a thrilling movie. (5)When sleeping at night with a low pillow, you feel tightness in your chest and need to lie on a high pillow to feel comfortable; when sleeping or lying down during the day, you suddenly have chest pain, palpitations and difficulty in breathing, which can be relieved by sitting up or standing up immediately. (6) Panic, chest tightness, shortness of breath or chest pain during sexual intercourse or forceful defecation. (7) Hearing noise will cause panic and chest tightness. (8) Recurrent irregular pulse, unexplained tachycardia or bradycardia.