Interventional radiology is a new route of drug delivery and surgical method for modern medical treatment under the guidance of imaging medicine. Compared with traditional drug delivery and surgical methods, it is more direct, effective, simple and minimally invasive. Interventional radiology was introduced to China in the early 1980s and has rapidly developed into an emerging edge discipline integrating medical imaging and clinical treatment, involving the diagnosis and treatment of many systems such as digestive, respiratory, orthopedic, urological, neurological and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, interventions have opened up new treatment pathways for diseases that were previously considered incurable or difficult to treat (various cancers, cardiovascular diseases), and are simple, safe, less invasive, with fewer comorbidities and faster results. It is a “non-surgical” method of diagnosing and treating various diseases by percutaneous puncture and cannulation under the guidance of imaging methods, such as drug infusion, vascular embolization or dilation and angioplasty. Because of its unique features in disease diagnosis and treatment (minimally invasive, reproducible, accurate positioning, high efficacy, fast results, low complication rate, easy application of multiple techniques) that traditional internal and external medicine does not have, it has rapidly established its important position in the field of modern medical diagnosis and treatment. In November 1996, the State Science Committee, the Ministry of Health and the State Administration of Medicine jointly held a seminar on strategic issues of interventional medicine in China, which officially listed interventional therapy as the third major treatment discipline alongside with medical and surgical therapies, and called it InterventionalMedicine. It is foreseeable that with the continuous development of interventional medicine, the discipline will be subdivided into neurointerventional, cardiac interventional, gastrointestinal interventional, etc., just like the clinical disciplines of internal medicine and surgery. The development and popularization of interventional radiology has given patients more opportunities for rehabilitation and has become the preferred method of elective treatment, which has been paid much attention and welcomed by patients.