In the course of daily outpatient work, we often encounter many patients who come to the clinic complaining of chest tightness and fatigue, increased blood pressure and memory loss during the daytime. In the process of inquiring about the changes in their condition, experienced physicians will find that these patients often have nightmares and strange dreams at night for a long period of time, while they feel very tired and sleepy during the day, and often have irresistible drowsiness. Snoring, commonly known as “snoring”, is a very common phenomenon in daily life. However, in recent years, it has been recognized that snoring is also a pathology, often accompanied by sleep apnea. At this time, the patient’s chest tightness and sleepiness are obvious during the day, and drowsiness is one of the main manifestations of moderate to severe snoring, and this drowsiness is often irresistible. Severe cases can fall asleep at work, in the middle of a conversation, or while driving. Sleep Apnea Syndrome (SAS) is a common sleep-related and potentially dangerous disease in which the duration of each apnea is >10 seconds, the total number of 7h apnea is >30 or the apnea index (AHI) is >5 during sleep. Clinically, it is divided into three types: obstructive, central and mixed. Among them, obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) is the most common, which can not only seriously affect the quality of life and work ability of patients, but also often lead to hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary heart disease, coronary heart disease and cardiac rhythm disorders and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and can even induce sudden death at night. The incidence of OSAS is about 1% to 3% in the middle-aged population, most commonly in men aged 40 to 65. The main causes of OSAS are: 1. obesity Several domestic and foreign studies have shown that 60% to 90% of OSAS patients are also obese, and OSAS is closely related to the hip/waist ratio and neck circumference diameter. 2, family genetic and developmental abnormalities Family genetic and developmental factors also have an impact on the size of the upper airway diameter, family genetic such as small jaw, jaw recession, etc. determine the anatomical features of the head and face and the ventilation volume. 3, alcohol consumption Alcohol consumption can prolong the awakening time after airway trapping due to increased inspiratory pressure, causing sleep structure disorders and nocturnal hypoxia. 4.Alteration of muscle tone Generally, snoring symptoms worsen with age, which may be related to the decrease of upper airway muscle tone, and the abnormalities of oropharyngeal neuromuscles during sleep may also aggravate upper airway collapse. 5. Endocrine and metabolic diseases Some diseases such as hypothyroidism, acromegaly and Marfan’s syndrome can also cause OSAS. Snoring is often the earliest signal in the clinical manifestation of OSAS. In addition, there may be morning fatigue, daytime drowsiness, impotence and personality change, etc. Based on the above medical history, the diagnosis of OSAS is 52% certain and the exclusion of the disease is 70% credible. Therefore, the initial screening of suspected patients can be done by understanding the characteristic clinical manifestations before further examination. The currently accepted gold standard for the diagnosis of sleep apnea syndrome is to perform nocturnal polysomnography (PSG). By continuously monitoring EEG, EMG, oral and nasal airflow, thoracic and abdominal respiratory movements, oxygen saturation (SaO2) and ECG measurements at night, the respiratory disturbance index (AHI) is calculated, i.e. the number of apneas (apnea) and hypopneas (hyponea) that occur per hour of sleep. Apnea is defined as the cessation of nasal and oral airflow for at least 10 seconds; hypoventilation is defined as the reduction of nasal and oral airflow to more than 50% of normal airflow and a drop in SaO2 of 4% or more. OSAS can be diagnosed if the AHI is >5 and in elderly people if the AHI is >10. The first step in the treatment of OSAS is to correct malpractice. All patients with OSAS should be made aware of the dangers of the disease and understand some of the causative factors associated with OSAS, for example, in obese patients, diet should be controlled to reduce weight; patients with combined heart failure should be given a low-salt diet; long-term smoking can cause pulmonary vasoconstriction and aggravate pulmonary hypertension. Long-term smoking can cause pulmonary vasoconstriction and aggravate pulmonary hypertension, so smoking cessation should be recommended. Some patients with OSAS have obstruction only in supine sleep because the soft palate and tongue root are affected by the gravity of the earth and obstruct the airway, so these patients should be trained to sleep in lateral position. In addition, OSAS patients should not take sleeping pills before bedtime, as these drugs will further unbalance the function of the upper airway during sleep, preventing timely awakening and aggravating the degree of airway occlusion and hypoxia. In 1981, Sullivan et al. first reported the successful application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via nasal mask at night for the treatment of OSAS, and since then this noninvasive ventilation therapy has been widely used worldwide. the principle of CPAP ventilation therapy is to apply a certain pressure throughout expiration and inspiration to prevent collapse of the upper airway, keep the upper airway open, and improve nocturnal ventilation. In addition, some studies have shown that mouth orthoses are also effective in some patients with SAS. Mouth orthoses are also readily accepted by patients who wear them only during sleep and are indicated for those patients with mild apnea who are also unable to be treated with noninvasive ventilation. There are also medications available for the treatment of mild OSAS, such as albuterol and fluphenazine, and progesterone, but they are virtually ineffective in most severe cases. Patients with moderate to severe OSAS have the option of surgical treatment in addition to noninvasive ventilation therapy. The prerequisite for surgery is a diagnosis of the site of airway stenosis . Patients with predominantly palatopharyngeal stenosis are mostly treated with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) or palatopharyngoplasty (PPP), especially in patients with severe hypoxemia (minimum SaO2 <50% during sleep) combined with more severe cardiac, pulmonary and cerebral complications, AHI >50, excessive obesity with a relatively thick and short neck and a posteriorly thickened tongue root. In conclusion, more people should know and pay attention to OSAS so that patients can get timely diagnosis and early treatment, and reasonable treatment can improve the quality of life of patients.