Hearing loss during this period not only causes delayed speech development or deafness, but also affects the child’s intellectual development and causes emotional, psychological and social interaction problems, so the key to preventing and treating hearing problems is “early”, which should start before birth. The incidence of congenital hearing impairment in China is about 1‰-3‰, and newborn hearing screening and combined deafness genetic screening are effective means to detect hearing problems as early as possible. Newborn hearing screening has been commonly carried out, and currently a two-stage screening approach is used, namely primary screening and re-screening. Newborns are screened initially from 48 hours of birth until discharge, and if they fail the screening, they enter the re-screening phase at 42 days of life, and those who still have problems with the re-screening undergo a systematic audiological diagnosis at three months. When a diagnosis of hearing impairment is confirmed, it is time to move on to early hearing intervention. In clinical practice, although some children pass the hearing screening at birth, they still exhibit hearing impairment later in life. Therefore, parents should pay constant attention to their children’s hearing care, especially for newborns with risk factors for hearing loss, such as premature babies, low birth weight babies, children with a family history of hearing impairment, etc. Even if they pass the hearing screening, they should still visit a professional hearing clinic at least once a year for 3 years. This is an effective way to identify problems early and move from disease management to health management. In addition to preventive measures such as avoiding colds and infections in early pregnancy, and not using ototoxic drugs for children, do not be careless about “healthy” children who pass the newborn hearing screening. From 3-6 months, children can look for or turn to the source of a sound; from 6-9 months, they can turn to a person or object mentioned in a speech; from 9-12 months, they can follow adult commands to perform actions; from 12-15 months, they can say single words; from 15-18 months, they can respond to adult calls from the next room; from 18-24 months, they can use two-word phrases; and from 24-36 months, they can say short sentences. If you notice any abnormalities, or for older children, if you notice the following behaviors, such as always taking the parents’ words for granted, watching TV in a loud voice, if everyone reacts when there is an unusual noise, but the child does not move, or if the child only uses the right ear when answering the phone, you should suspect that the child may have If your child has a hearing abnormality, go to a professional medical institution for an early examination. Some children with hearing impairment are found during the kindergarten physical examination. It is recommended that parents pay attention to kindergarten physical exams and that all kindergarten physicals include a hearing screening test, especially for children with otitis media. 60% of children have had acute otitis media, and for those who have been treated, a hearing evaluation should be done during the review. For children, it is more important to prevent otitis media caused by upper respiratory infections, or colds, than otitis media caused by water entering the ear from swimming or washing the face. Once a child develops hearing loss, early intervention and treatment is warranted. If the hearing loss is conductive, i.e., there is a problem with the middle ear pathway conduction, it is highly reversible and can be helped by medication, surgery, etc. In the case of sensorineural deafness, where the auditory nerve and cochlea are damaged, hearing aids or cochlear implants are an option. Before wearing a cochlear implant, the degree of hearing impairment should be evaluated at a regular hospital and a hearing compensation plan should be developed by a medical professional. For children with severe or profound hearing loss, a cochlear implant is an effective way to rebuild the hearing, and the earlier the implant, the better for the child’s speech rehabilitation.