The disease is a recurrent sudden and transient brain dysfunction caused by excessive brain cell discharge, manifesting as different disorders of motor, sensory, consciousness, vegetative and mental, or both. Clinically, the main manifestation is sudden loss of consciousness, fall down, twitching of limbs, salivation or strange screaming at the mouth, and awakening as usual. Most people see epilepsy as a disease that occurs more frequently in childhood. This is because the disease is related to genetic factors on the one hand, with a tendency to appear familially, and on the other hand, to congenital malformations, perinatal diseases, rickets, and febrile convulsions, which are common in infants and children. Diseases causing brain damage can be complicated by epilepsy as a sequela. In fact, from the clinical situation, the onset of epilepsy is possible at any age, but its seizure triggers are different at different ages. For middle-aged and elderly people, cerebrovascular diseases are more common, and epilepsy is also relatively common after hypertensive encephalopathy and stroke. Alzheimer’s disease and intracranial tumors are also often associated with epilepsy. As for young adults, the incidence has increased significantly in recent years. This is because there is a category of epilepsy that is photosensitive. Nowadays, more and more office workers are using computers on time, and more students are watching TV and playing computer games for a long time during summer vacation. The weather is only one of the triggering factors. There are many more obvious triggers than the weather. For example, lack of sleep, overexertion, heavy physical work and heavy exercise. In addition strong emotional changes, such as great sadness, joy, and shock, are common triggers. Generally speaking, the mental capacity and physical quality of epilepsy patients are relatively poor, so certain adverse stimuli in life such as work tension and depression can easily lead to recurrence of the disease. If problems arise in marriage, family, work, etc., the patient should learn to deal with them. Family members should also provide guidance to the patient to face the problem, so that the patient has a good psychological state and living environment. In the clinic, it is found that many patients with epilepsy have relapses related to the failure to treat them thoroughly. Others worry that taking western medicine for epilepsy requires lifelong medication. In fact, only patients with more severe epilepsy, i.e., three or four episodes a year, need medication, and those with occasional episodes do not need medication. It is worth reminding that once you start taking them, you must adhere to a long-term course of treatment in accordance with medical advice, but not necessarily for life. After about four years of complete control of seizures, the drug can be gradually reduced and stopped, and the process of reduction and discontinuation should last 1-2 years. The psychology of patients is eager to achieve, hoping for a short-term cure. Sometimes, when relapses are caused by improper medication or other reasons, they increase the dosage or run around, constantly changing the treatment plan and repeatedly changing medication. Some people have better epilepsy control, so they don’t pay attention to it and take less or miss medication. Other patients secretly reduce the dosage because they are worried about the side effects of epilepsy drugs. In fact, after the associated lesions are removed, 70%-80% of patients are able to control their condition with medication. If seizures occur even after medication, you can go to the hospital for a review and do relevant blood concentration tests so that the dose and usage of medication can be adjusted to achieve control. Although antiepileptic drugs have certain side effects, if the condition cannot be controlled, the condition is repeated and the brain frequently suffers from hypoxia, which can cause great damage to the patient’s brain, such as the appearance of mental abnormalities, low memory, or even dementia. Instead of this, it is better to take the medication regularly. Prevention, to start during pregnancy Prevention of secondary epilepsy should start with the mother. Prenatal attention must be paid to maternal health to reduce infections, nutritional deficiencies and diseases of various systems so that the fetus is less adversely affected. Some children have epilepsy soon after birth, and many of these epilepsy episodes are caused by the mother’s lack of attention to mental health and nutrition during pregnancy. If pregnant women can have regular checkups and handle difficult deliveries in a timely manner, they can avoid or reduce neonatal birth injuries. In addition, we should pay enough attention to febrile convulsions in infancy and early childhood and try to avoid them. Various diseases of the pediatric central nervous system should be actively prevented and treated in a timely manner to reduce sequelae. Statistics show that patients have a recurrence rate of 27% to 82% after their first seizure, and most patients will have a recurrence after a single seizure; therefore, it is especially important to prevent recurrence in patients who have developed epilepsy. Firstly, the primary cause of epilepsy should be removed or alleviated, such as intracranial occupational diseases, metabolic abnormalities, infections, etc. Secondly, patients should pay attention to summarize their aura performance and triggers before seizures, observe the cold, panic, improper diet, weather changes, strong stimuli, look for patterns, and try to avoid related triggers. Seizures and how to give first aid to family members Epileptic patients often have unexpected seizures that can bring unexpected injuries. Therefore, patients themselves should leave dangerous areas such as highways, ponds and fireplaces as soon as possible when they feel pioneering symptoms, such as abnormal sensations, chest tightness, fear, salivation and blurred vision, and have a hunch that a seizure is imminent, and find a safe place to sit or lie down in time. The patient’s family members should also learn to observe the patient’s performance before the seizure so that they can take preventive measures as early as possible to prevent other accidental injuries from occurring. In the case of a violent seizure, the patient shows spastic leg convulsions, head tilted back, falls to the ground, the whole body muscles are tonic contractions, spasms, mouth tightly closed, eyes rolled up, the rigid phase usually lasts for a few seconds to half a minute, and turns into a clonic phase. One seizure lasts for 2-3 minutes, and more than 7-8 minutes. When the patient is about to fall to the ground before a general convulsion occurs, the patient’s family or rescuer should immediately go forward to hold the patient and try to let him fall slowly to avoid falling. At the same time, before the patient’s mouth is tightly closed, quickly put a handkerchief, gauze or spoon between the patient’s upper and lower teeth to prevent biting the tongue when the teeth are tightly closed. For those who have fallen and face on the ground, they should be turned over to avoid airway obstruction. Then the rescuer can untie the patient’s collar and trouser belt so that he or she can breathe freely. To prevent the patient from spitting out saliva or vomit to cause asphyxiation, family members should always wipe away the patient’s spit. In the meantime, take the patient to the hospital for emergency treatment as soon as possible.