Aspartame is a non-carbohydrate artificial sweetener that is widely used in medications and foods. It has been suggested that long-term high intake of aspartame may increase the chance of brain cancer and migraine, but there is no clear evidence of absolute correlation between diseases and aspartame, and long-term high intake of aspartame should be avoided for safety reasons. Some scholars believe that aspartame is neurotoxic, mainly because the metabolites of aspartame contain phenylalanine, which can pass the blood-brain barrier, change the amino acid ratio in the brain, and interfere with the transmission of neurotransmitters, which may increase the chance of brain diseases and may affect memory. Since there is little scientific evidence to conclude the absolute toxicity of aspartame for the time being, but it cannot be proven to be unrelated to disease, reducing intake is a safer preventive measure. Because of its pure, refreshing taste, strong sweetness and low calorie content, aspartame is absorbed by the body quickly and does not accumulate in the body. Therefore, it is often found in carbonated drinks, jams, ice cream, effervescent tablets, vitamins and other foods and beverages, or as a flavoring agent for medications to improve their taste. Dietary intake of aspartame should be controlled, and medications containing aspartame should be taken regularly and quantitatively under the guidance of a physician.