Esophageal cancer, a malignant tumor occurring in the epithelial tissue of esophagus, accounts for 2% of all malignant tumors. Esophageal cancer is divided into early, intermediate and stage; the usual treatment methods include surgery, chemotherapy treatment and drug treatment; the famous therapists include Zhou Shixi and Ling Yaoxing, etc. The diet of esophageal cancer is based on nutritious and easily digestible food. The cause of esophageal cancer is related to the chronic stimulation of nitrosamines, inflammation and trauma, genetic factors and the content of trace elements in drinking water, food and vegetables. Smoking and drinking are the causes of esophageal cancer, and China is a high incidence area for esophageal cancer, with more men than men in the north, but more men than women, with the majority being over 40 years old. This disease is a common malignant tumor in some countries and regions in the world. China is the country with high incidence of esophageal cancer in the world and one of the countries with high mortality rate of esophageal cancer in the world, with the average annual mortality rate of 1.3~90.9/100,000, while the standardized mortality rate of the world population is 2.7~110.6/100,000. Esophageal cancer has an obvious geographic clustering phenomenon in China, and the areas with high incidence and high mortality rates are quite concentrated. Its incidence rate is in Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Anhui and Hubei. Early symptoms 1.Choking sensation in the throat is the most common, which can disappear and recur on its own and does not affect eating. It often occurs when the patient’s mood fluctuates, so it is easily mistaken for functional symptoms. 2.Posterior sternal and subxiphoid pain is more common. When swallowing food, there is pain behind the sternum or subsynovial pain, the nature of which can be burning, stabbing or pulling, with the swallowing of rough, burning or irritating food as the most important. Initially, it is intermittent, but when the cancer invades the nearby tissues or penetrates, there can be severe and continuous pain. The site of pain often does not exactly correspond to the site of lesion in the esophagus. The pain can be temporarily relieved by antispasmodics. 3, food retention infection and foreign body sensation when swallowing food or water, there is a feeling of slow downward movement of food and stagnation, as well as a feeling of tightness behind the sternum or food adhering to the esophageal wall, etc., which disappears after eating. The site of the symptoms is mostly the same as the site of the lesion in the esophagus. 4. Dryness and tightness in the throat is especially obvious when swallowing dry and rough food, and the occurrence of this symptom is often related to the patient’s mood swings. 5, other symptoms a few patients may have posterior sternal stuffiness and discomfort, pain. Second, medium-term symptoms 1, choking sensation in the throat is most common, can disappear and recur spontaneously, does not affect eating. It often occurs when the patient has mood swings, so it is easy to be mistaken for functional symptoms. 2.Posterior sternal and subxiphoid pain is more common. When swallowing food, there is pain behind the sternum or subsynovial pain, the nature of which can be burning-like, pinprick-like or pulling-like, with the swallowing of rough, burning or irritating food as the focus. The pain may be intermittent at first, but when the cancer invades the nearby tissues or penetrates, there may be severe and continuous pain. The site of pain often does not exactly correspond to the site of lesion in the esophagus. The pain can be temporarily relieved by antispasmodics. 3, food retention infection and foreign body sensation when swallowing food or water, there is a feeling of slow downward movement of food and stagnation, as well as a feeling of tightness behind the sternum or food adhering to the esophageal wall, etc., which disappears after eating. The site of the symptoms is mostly the same as the site of the lesion in the esophagus. 4. Dryness and tightness in the throat is especially obvious when swallowing dry and rough food, and the occurrence of this symptom is often related to the patient’s mood swings. 5.Other symptoms: a few patients may have posterior sternal stuffiness and discomfort, anterior pain. Typical symptoms of mid-stage esophageal cancer: progressive dysphagia. There may be pain behind the sternum when swallowing and spitting mucus-like sputum. Progressive dysphagia is the main symptom of most patients at the time of consultation, but it is the late manifestation of the disease. Because the esophageal wall is elastic and expandable, dysphagia only appears when about 2/3 of the circumference of the esophagus is infiltrated by the cancer. Therefore, after the appearance of early symptoms mentioned above, the disease gradually worsens within a few months, from inability to swallow solid food to inability to swallow liquid food as well. If the cancer is accompanied by inflammation, edema and spasm of the esophageal wall, the difficulty in swallowing may be aggravated. The location of the obstruction often conforms to the site of the cancer. 2.Food reaction often appears when the difficulty in swallowing is aggravated, and the reflux volume is not large, containing food and mucus, but also blood and pus. 3.Other symptoms may cause hoarseness when the cancer presses the recurrent laryngeal nerve; invasion of phrenic nerve may cause erratic reflux or phrenic nerve paralysis; compression of trachea or bronchus may cause shortness of breath and dry cough; erosion of aorta may produce fatal bleeding. If the cancer is located in the upper part of the esophagus or esophagobronchial fistula, cervical sympathetic nerve palsy may occur when swallowing liquid.