With the increasing incidence of diabetes and hypertension, the incidence of chronic kidney disease is on the rise year by year. The detection rate of chronic kidney disease in urban population in Beijing is 11.9%, which means that 1 in 10 people has chronic kidney disease. With the aggravation of kidney function damage, some patients will eventually step into dialysis. To perform hemodialysis, you need to establish a vascular access first, which is often called “internal fistula”, and it is the “lifeline” of hemodialysis patients. The establishment of vascular access requires its own blood vessels, which we need to protect before dialysis, because blood vessels are limited for individuals. Vascular resources involved in vascular access: (1) Arteries and veins of the upper extremities, such as the radial artery, brachial artery, cephalic vein, noble vein, and median elbow vein. (2) Central veins: internal jugular vein, subclavian vein, femoral vein, saphenous vein, and superior and inferior vena cava. Vein protection includes: (1) Avoid wearing tight watches and wrist jewelry to avoid trauma; (2) Avoid performing various puncture operations such as blood draws, infusions, and indwelling cannulae in the above vessels. If blood must be drawn or infused, try to choose superficial veins on the back of the hand, veins in the lower limbs, and veins in the distal limbs as much as possible, and avoid repeated punctures in the same vessel site. When using a cannula needle, keep the retention time as short as possible. Avoid infusion of drugs with high vascular irritation as much as possible; (3) Avoid long-term use of central venous catheters as much as possible to avoid central venous stenosis affecting or losing the opportunity to establish an arteriovenous endovascular fistula in the upper extremity. When a central venous catheter must be used as a transition to maturation of an arteriovenous endovascular fistula, choose to place the catheter contralateral to the limb to be fistulated or in the femoral vein. (4) The use of other types of central venous catheters or indwelling devices can lead to thrombosis and stenosis formation in the above-mentioned vessels (e.g., PICC, pacemaker, infusion manometry device, etc.) and should be avoided as much as possible. Arterial protection: Avoid factors that artificially damage arteries, such as trauma, blood gas analysis, monitoring of intra-arterial pressure, interventional procedures, etc. General cuff blood pressure measurement does not cause arterial damage. Therefore, patients with chronic kidney disease before dialysis should always pay attention to protect their vascular resources and maintain their “lifeline”.