In recent years, chronic kidney disease has shown a rapid increase worldwide, and according to the 2013 data of the United States Renal Disease Registry, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease reached 13.1%, surpassing the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The situation in China is also not optimistic, according to data published in 2012: the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in adults is 10.8%, which means that there is one chronic kidney disease patient in every 10 people. Why is the prevalence of chronic kidney disease so high? First, the disease spectrum of chronic kidney disease has changed. In the past, the main composition of chronic kidney disease is a variety of primary chronic glomerulonephritis, but in recent years, secondary kidney disease, especially diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive kidney damage has increased significantly, has become the second and third cause of end-stage renal disease in China for dialysis treatment. On the other hand, the elderly population is rapidly increasing, and surveys show that for every 10 years of age, the risk of kidney function decline increases by 74% and the risk of proteinuria increases by 8%. The risk of chronic kidney disease is high because some chronic kidney diseases will progress to end-stage renal disease with various complications such as anemia, hypertension, malnutrition, acidosis, electrolyte disorders, bone disease, vascular calcification, etc. Also the risk of cardiovascular disease increases and the hospitalization rate is high, which seriously affects the survival quality of patients. In addition to end-stage renal disease, patients have to rely on dialysis treatment or kidney transplantation in order to survive. Dialysis patients each cost about 80,000-100,000 yuan per year, and the huge long-term cost brings a huge economic burden to individuals and families and society. How to reduce the prevalence of chronic kidney disease? First of all, we should focus on prevention. Strengthen publicity and patient education, enhance the public’s understanding and awareness of chronic kidney disease, and raise awareness of self-care. High-risk groups such as the elderly, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease patients should be screened regularly for chronic kidney disease. Pay attention to strengthen the training of primary hospitals and community doctors on chronic kidney disease, and strengthen the connection between tertiary hospitals and primary hospitals: establish a good referral mechanism with the technical support of specialists in tertiary hospitals, and provide patients with a green channel for specialist consultation. Early detection and scientific and reasonable treatment for different etiologies, pathological types, clinical manifestations, and severity of the disease can promote remission and delay its progress. Therefore, regular outpatient follow-up is very important!