Food and nutrition are essential for human survival and are the cornerstone of health. The structure of the diet is changing as the economy develops and is an important feature of socioeconomic development. It should be said that today there are better conditions than at any time in the past, but conditions and effects often do not equate, and sometimes are unfortunately even counterproductive or contrary to expectations. (Science needs to be used as a guide.) Today people are beginning to realize that nutrition is a double-edged sword that can make people strong and powerful, or, when used improperly, can cause unwitting morbidity, premature aging, or even death. With the development of China’s economy and the improvement of residents’ income, the dietary structure and lifestyle have changed, and chronic diseases caused by excess or imbalance of nutrition have increased, and the situation of many nutritional deficiency diseases highlighted by calcium, iron, zinc and vitamin A and D is also still serious and handsome, and has become an important cause of human incapacity and death. According to the Ministry of Health statistics, about 15,000 people die every day in China from chronic diseases such as cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, diabetes and respiratory diseases, accounting for more than 70% of all deaths, and the resulting economic losses are very alarming. Only 10% of the population is completely healthy, and 70% is in a state of subhealth. The World Health Organization has declared to the world that 60% of the increase in human life expectancy depends on a healthy lifestyle and 8% on medical treatment. Lifestyle interventions based on nutrition and diet education are the fundamental way to uncover the rapid development of chronic diseases in China today.