Adolescence is the time when children gradually develop into adults and is a critical period of rapid growth and development for the human body! Adolescence is the second peak of girls’ growth and development, a critical period when they turn from children into “adults”, with huge physical and psychological changes. Girls’ puberty generally refers to the period from 10 to 18 years old, during which girls’ height increases by an average of 28 to 30 cm, weight increases by an average of 20 to 30 kg, and gradually forms the unique S-shaped body and delicate skin of women. In particular, during the first 3 to 4 years of puberty, the bone density increases by about 0.5 times; the bone mineral content increases by nearly 2 times, and the bone mass increases by about 50% of the peak bone mass. In addition, the reproductive system will gradually develop and mature, and the psyche will transition from an unstable stage to a stable and mature stage. So when does puberty end? In general, puberty lasts until the age of 20-25, and normally puberty begins at the age of 15 and ends at the age of 20. The end of puberty varies from person to person because of individual differences, and the symptoms of puberty also vary. Biologically speaking, there are three hormone-related events that mark the beginning of puberty. The onset of gonadal function often starts with the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system, which then triggers the production of estrogen and testosterone, which marks the beginning of puberty. The main physiological changes in the girl’s body during puberty are twofold: Gonadal priming (gonadarche): the activation of gonadal function is stimulated by pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. The girl’s ovaries produce estrogen, which causes breast development, bone growth, and physical changes. In late adolescence, menstruation and ovulation occur, and estrogen induces skeletal maturation, fusion of growth plates, and termination of linear growth in late adolescence. In short, it is at this time that gonadal hormones begin to be produced under the action of the pituitary gland (the endocrine commander), which has a very important role in promoting bone development and brain and intellectual development. Therefore, during puberty, ensuring nutrition and a proper diet can help you grow taller. Adrenarche: Changes in the body caused by the production of androgens in the adrenal cortex (an important organ of the endocrine system). These include the growth of pubic and axillary hair, the maturation of sweat glands (which produce adult body odor), and acne. In short, another endocrine organ, the adrenal gland, begins to synthesize androgens, and changes in the body follow. If excessive levels of hormone production lead to symptoms of endocrine imbalance, such as an imbalance of water and oil on the skin surface, acne and pimples, then dietary adjustments are generally needed to recover. Of these three events, only the priming of gonadal function has a clear purpose, namely the development of reproductive capacity, but there is great variation among individuals in this regard, making it difficult to determine a particular age as the official end of puberty. In addition the excitability of the brain increases during puberty, leading to mental instability in addition to a rise in intelligence, so that parents and teachers need to be guided appropriately. References: [1] Liu Suiqian. Beauty loving girls should not over diet [J]. Health Expo. 2021,5: 58-59 [2] https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/zNhDnVuXYEErKBbBvnLO6A