There are several common congenital heart diseases with good outcomes, such as ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary valve stenosis, and tetralogy of Fallot. If the first four diseases are operated at a good time, the long-term results of surgery without complications are very good, and in principle, they are lifelong cures. 1, ventricular septal defect (ventricular defect) The heart has four chambers, the right atrium, the right ventricle channel between the tricuspid valve; the left atrium, the left ventricle channel between the mitral valve; left and right ventricles between a thick septum called the ventricular septum, this septum has a congenital defect is called ventricular septal defect. This disease accounts for 20-25% of congenital heart disease. Heart murmur is the main sign, electrocardiogram shows left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac X-ray shows enlarged heart shadow, enlarged left heart, increased pulmonary blood, echocardiography can clearly diagnose. The ventricular defect is divided into perimembranous, double subarterial (substem) and myocardial defects. The double subarterial type cannot close spontaneously, while both myocardial and membranous ventricular defects have the possibility of closing spontaneously. Therefore, if the defect is small, does not affect the development of the child, does not have recurrent pneumonia, heart failure, or severe pulmonary hypertension, it can be reviewed at the age of 2 years under the follow-up of the physician, and approximately 30-40% can heal spontaneously. If they fail to close, then elective surgery can be considered. However, if the pneumonia is recurrent in infancy, if the heart is sad and difficult to control with medication, or if it is accompanied by severe pulmonary hypertension, surgery is required within 1 year of age. In some cases of acute pneumonia with severe heart failure, emergency surgery can also be performed. 2, atrial septal defect (atrial defect) The defect on the left and right atrial septum is called atrial meteoric defect, accounting for about 5%-10% of congenital heart disease, the murmur of atrial defect is very light and not easy to hear, often found in school-age children during physical examination, the electrocardiogram shows right bundle branch conduction block, cardiac X-ray shows more pulmonary blood, enlarged heart shadow, right atrial right ventricular enlargement, echocardiography can clearly diagnose most atrial defects or can be used with the help of acoustic Echocardiography can diagnose most atrial defects or can be used with the help of acoustic imaging and esophageal ultrasound. The atrial defect is located at the site of the foramen ovale, which is the central type or II foramen type; at the lower part where it is connected to the mitral and tricuspid annulus, which is the primary foramen type, or I foramen type; at the location where the superior and inferior vena cava enters the right atrium, which is the vena cava sinus type; and at the coronary venous sinus, which is the coronary venous sinus type. Unless there is a huge atrial defect, symptoms usually rarely appear in the early stage, and small atrial septal defects can be left intact for life. However, some data report that recurrent cerebral infarction may be related to atrial septal defects, which are caused by small emboli from the venous system, entering the left heart through the atrial defect and causing cerebral infarction in the arteries of the brain. Therefore, some physicians have suggested that patients with small atrial defects and end closure of the foramen ovale may be considered for closure by introducing a catheter into a double-sided umbrella, without direct intracardiac surgery. Atrial defect with severe pulmonary hypertension is associated with poor surgical outcome. Therefore, it is important to see a specialist early and decide whether to follow up or treat for a long time under the guidance of the doctor. 3.Aortic ductus arteriosus is a tube connected between the descending part of the aortic arch and the pulmonary artery. During the fetal period, the fetal circulatory system depends on its existence, but it should close naturally after birth, if it fails to close, a channel between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains, which is called endarterectomy. It accounts for 5-10% of congenital heart disease. The typical signs are continuous machine-like murmur, left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram, pulmonary blood on cardiac X-ray, enlarged cardiac shadow, enlarged left heart, and “funnel sign” in the descending aortic arch. Color echocardiography can make a clear diagnosis, but if severe pulmonary hypertension is present, blood flow is often not easily detected and misdiagnosed. Because the pulmonary artery pressure is much lower than the aortic pressure, there is unequal blood flow from the aorta into the pulmonary artery with the different thickness of the arterial duct. The surgery of arteriovenous ductus arteriosus is relatively simple, usually using a left lateral thoracic incision, ligature or cut suture, because the surgery is done without extracorporeal circulation, under the non-stop beating of the heart, so there are few complications, and recovery is also fast. Some children with recurrent pneumonia and severe heart failure caused by thick arterial catheter can be controlled quickly after surgery and their lives can be saved. 4, pulmonary valve stenosis pulmonary valve stenosis both pulmonary orifice stenosis, accounting for 5%-8% of congenital heart disease, 90% of which is the stenosis of the valve, that is, the three pulmonary valves thickened, the junction fusion heart contraction, due to the valve can not open, and the garden top sign. Heart murmur is the main sign, electrocardiogram shows right ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac X-ray shows little pulmonary blood, right heart enlargement, vertical-like dilatation of the pulmonary artery segment, echocardiography can be clearly diagnosed. Pulmonary stenosis can be classified as mild, moderate or severe according to the pressure difference between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. A pressure difference of 0, 75 kPa (more than 10 mm Hg) can be diagnosed as pulmonary valve stenosis; a pressure difference of 10-50 mm Hg is mild stenosis; a left ventricular systolic pressure level of 50 is moderate; and a pressure level greater than the left ventricular systolic pressure level is severe. With the exception of severe pulmonary stenosis, the clinical symptoms are mild and may sometimes include shortness of breath after exercise. In severe cases, the right ventricular and right atrial pressures are elevated, causing the foramen ovale in the interatrial septum to open and blood from the right atrium to flow into the left atrium, resulting in bruising of the lips and fingernails. Patients with severe stenosis may also have heart failure, such as swelling, ascites, hepatomegaly, etc. 5.Fale’s tetralogy of Fallot is the coexistence of four malformations: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, aortic span and right ventricular hypertrophy. It accounts for about 10% of congenital heart disease. Patients with cyanosis, rod-shaped fingers, rapid breathing during activity, preferring to squat or have cyanotic episodes, i.e., increased cyanosis, increased respiration, difficulty, and severe or even syncope are the most obvious symptoms. There can be murmurs in the precordial area, end-tube closure (5%-10%), pulmonary valve stenosis (5%-8%), etc., accounting for about 60% of congenital heart disease. For the above listed cardiovascular malformations, the current surgical treatment is basically safe and reliable unless the surgery is accidental, and the postoperative period can live and work as normal. Although the surgical treatment of complex congenital heart disease is still being explored, the success rate of surgery for tetralogy of Fallot, which accounts for 10% of congenital heart disease, is currently above 95%. Other complex types, such as endocardial cushion defect, pulmonary vein malformation drainage, right ventricular double outlet, and single ventricle, have also achieved excellent results with surgery. Decompensated surgery is a must for complex congenital heart disease to improve the condition of the child before the radical surgery can be completed, so that the radical surgery can be completed in the future. For example, in children with very poorly developed pulmonary arteries, body artery and pulmonary artery diversion or body vein and pulmonary artery diversion can promote pulmonary artery development and improve the success rate of future radical surgery.