Epilepsy is a seizure disorder of brain function in which there are paroxysmal and recurrent hyper-synchronous abnormal discharges and seizures in brain cell populations. Epilepsy is not an idiosyncratic disease, but a syndrome of brain dysfunction caused by multiple etiologies. Seizure types can be classified as generalized and partial seizures. The clinical manifestations of epilepsy can take many forms, the most common being altered consciousness or loss of consciousness, tonic or clonic jerking of restricted or generalized muscles and sensory abnormalities; there can also be behavioral abnormalities, emotional and perceptual abnormalities, memory changes, or vegetative neurological disturbances. Many types of seizures have no convulsive manifestations and may manifest as aphasic seizures, atonic seizures, and partial seizures with predominant psychiatric symptoms. The prevalence of epilepsy is 4-8 per 1,000, with a higher incidence in childhood. In pediatric epilepsy, 29% of the cases start within 1 year of age, and 82.2% start within 7 years of age. The etiology of epilepsy is clinically classified as idiopathic, symptomatic and cryptogenic. EEG is valuable for the diagnosis and typing of epilepsy. Routinely, a general EEG can be performed; when diagnosis is difficult, a 24-hour EEG or video EEG is required; if necessary, multiple repetitions are needed to make the diagnosis. The prognosis of pediatric epilepsy has improved greatly with the increasing understanding of epilepsy, the discovery of new antiepileptic drugs, and the monitoring of blood levels. Currently, the complete remission rate of pediatric epilepsy can reach 50%-80%. Early treatment, rational use of medication, and regular medication can help improve the prognosis.