Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor that seriously threatens human life and health, and the incidence rate of esophageal cancer ranks the sixth among all malignant tumors worldwide. China is one of the countries with the highest publication rate of esophageal cancer in the world. According to the statistics of National Cancer Prevention and Control Office, there are nearly 250,000 new cases of esophageal cancer in China every year, accounting for nearly 50% of the total number of new cases of esophageal cancer worldwide. In China, the publication rate of esophageal cancer is highest in Hebei, Henan and northern Sichuan, and our city is also one of the high incidence areas of esophageal cancer, and the incidence rate of esophageal cancer ranks the fourth among all kinds of malignant tumors in the city, which seriously threatens the life safety of people in our city. The occurrence of esophageal cancer is the result of multiple factors acting together for a long time, and its specific pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. A large-scale epidemiological survey on esophageal cancer found that the following factors may have a close relationship with the development of esophageal cancer: 1. Environmental factors. The results of epidemiological surveys conducted in areas with high incidence of esophageal cancer show that environmental factors play an important role in the development of esophageal cancer, including the pollution of air and water, as well as the lack of trace elements, especially zinc, in the surrounding environment, which may affect the development of esophageal cancer. 2.Living habits. Bad living habits can lead to chronic damage of esophageal mucosa, which can induce esophageal cancer on the basis of long-term chronic damage. Bad habits such as liking too hot and hard food, eating too fast and smoking and drinking can easily cause damage to esophageal mucosa, which can lead to esophageal cancer on the basis of long-term chronic damage. In addition, food containing more nitrosamines and other chemicals such as kimchi are also factors that can easily induce esophageal cancer. 3.Genetic factors. The incidence of esophageal cancer has a certain genetic background, and people with a history of esophageal cancer in the family, especially in the immediate family, have a higher incidence of esophageal cancer than normal people. More clinical studies have confirmed that the incidence of gene mutation is higher among esophageal cancer patients, and the abnormal expression level and function of some molecules caused by gene mutation may increase the risk of developing esophageal cancer. 4.Other causes. The incidence of esophageal cancer in patients with other combined esophageal diseases is significantly higher than that of the normal population. The incidence of esophageal cancer is significantly higher in people with GERD, esophageal corrosion and other benign esophageal diseases than in the normal population, which is related to long-term chronic inflammation and physical and chemical stimulation of esophageal mucosa. Therefore, the public should try to avoid esophageal damage caused by bad habits in daily life, such as chewing slowly when eating, trying not to eat or eating less hot food, reducing the intake of cured and preserved products such as bacon, sausage and kimchi, and seeking timely medical treatment if suffering from other esophageal diseases to reduce the chronic damage to the esophagus. If there are patients with esophageal cancer in the family, gastroscopy should be included in the routine physical examination to achieve early diagnosis and treatment.