The role and status of chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumors has been deeply rooted in people’s minds, and almost all people know that chemotherapy is usually required when they have malignant tumors. However, people often have two misconceptions about chemotherapy, that is, two more extreme views, which need to be corrected. The first misconception: excessive fear of chemotherapy. They worry that the side effects of chemotherapy are too great, and they worry that they will not be able to get up after chemotherapy and their immunity will be reduced. In fact, if chemotherapy is effective and the tumor is controlled, the symptoms caused by tumor can be relieved, the pain can be reduced, the quality of life can be improved, and the life can be prolonged. In addition, recent research shows that chemotherapy drugs can kill some cells (including tumor cells) that suppress immune function, and a certain degree of chemotherapy can improve immunity. More than half a year ago, I visited the senior department of a large general hospital in the city to consult with an 81-year-old patient who had previously been treated with chemotherapy for lung metastasis from intestinal cancer for 3 times with the regimen prescribed by the oncologist of the hospital, and I found that the dose of the drug used was small (perhaps the doctor in front of me was afraid to use more because of the patient’s advanced age), so I suggested to increase the dose and change the usage (the drug used did not change). The tumor shrank significantly after 3 courses of chemotherapy with my proposed regimen, and the tumor remained stable after 3 more courses of consolidation, and no significant adverse effects were observed. It can be seen that even elderly patients can tolerate chemotherapy and achieve good results, and the efficacy of the same drug can be very different with different doses and uses. Therefore, we should not give up the opportunity or adopt less formal chemotherapy because of excessive fear of chemotherapy, and an experienced oncologist should decide whether the conditions for chemotherapy and the specific treatment plan are available. The second misconception: excessive belief in the effect of chemotherapy. The practice of “life goes on, chemotherapy goes on” is also wrong. Some patients request chemotherapy long after surgery (fearing that the tumor will come back soon after chemotherapy is stopped), or request chemotherapy after repeated failure of chemotherapy, and some doctors also have this idea and practice. In fact, in some cases, chemotherapy is not necessary (such as early gastric cancer and intestinal cancer without lymph node metastasis), and in some cases, the tumor has developed resistance to chemotherapy, so excessive chemotherapy is no longer effective, but only brings adverse reactions. Chemotherapy is a double-edged sword, with both benefits and side effects. As long as the doctor applies it properly, it can cure and save people, and the benefits are more than the disadvantages; while improper application or over-treatment will increase the pain and burden. The key lies in the correct application of doctors, do not give up when chemotherapy should be used, and resolutely do not use chemotherapy when it should not be used.