Congenital heart disease is the most common type of congenital malformation, accounting for about 28% of all kinds of congenital malformations. It refers to the anatomical structure abnormalities caused by the formation disorders or abnormal development of the heart and large blood vessels during embryonic development, or the failure to close channels that should be closed automatically after birth (normal in the fetus). The incidence of congenital heart disease is not to be underestimated, accounting for 0.4% to 1% of births, which means that 150,000 to 200,000 new patients with congenital heart disease are born each year in China. The spectrum of congenital heart disease is particularly broad, including hundreds of specific subtypes, some patients can be combined with a variety of malformations, the symptoms vary widely, the least can be asymptomatic for life, the most serious patients are born with serious symptoms such as hypoxia, shock and even premature death. According to the hemodynamic and pathophysiological changes, congenital heart disease can be classified as cyanotic or non-cyanotic, and can also be divided into three categories according to the presence or absence of shunts: no shunt (e.g. pulmonary stenosis, aortic constriction), left-to-right shunt (e.g. atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus) and right-to-left shunt (e.g. tetralogy of Fallot, large vessel dislocation). A small number of congenital heart diseases have a chance of self-healing before the age of 5 years, and a small number of patients have mild malformations that do not significantly affect circulatory function and do not require any treatment, but most patients require surgical treatment to correct the malformations. With the rapid development of medical technology, the effect of surgery has been greatly improved. At present, most patients can recover as normal as normal people if they are treated with surgery in time, and their growth and development are not affected, and they can be able to perform ordinary work, study and life.