Prostate cancer is one of the common tumors in urology. With the improvement of people’s living standard and the growth of life expectancy in China, the incidence of prostate cancer among middle-aged and elderly men is gradually increasing, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. Due to the lack of proper knowledge and understanding of prostate cancer, patients have various doubts and uncertainties about the management of postoperative complications of prostate cancer, endocrine therapy and treatment of hormone-independent prostate cancer. In view of this, we have prepared this booklet to explain the mechanism of the disease and to raise several questions about the treatment of prostate cancer from the patient’s perspective. We have combined our clinical experience over the years to summarize and organize the common concerns of prostate cancer patients, and have prepared this booklet in layman’s language, hoping that it can answer many questions in the minds of patients. The prostate gland is a gonadal organ unique to men. It is a very rare sexual secretion gland with both internal and external secretion functions. The prostate gland has a transverse diameter of about 4cm, a vertical diameter of about 3cm, and an anterior and posterior diameter of about 2cm, and its growth and development is controlled by the testosterone secreted by the testes, and since puberty to the age of 20, the weight of the prostate gland has grown from 5g to 20g, and in the 20 years since then, the volume of the prostate gland no longer changes, and when over the age of 50, many people’s prostate gland will continue to grow, which is commonly referred to as This is often referred to as prostate enlargement or hypertrophy. The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a good deal on a lot of things. Although the prostate is small, it often produces inflammation, hyperplasia as well as tumor and other diseases that bring no small trouble to the body. Therefore, we can say that to be concerned about the prostate is to be concerned about men’s health. In the follow-up content, we will continue to introduce you to the knowledge about the prevention and treatment of prostate diseases and answer the difficult questions that you are concerned about. Second, PSA prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is synthesized and secreted into the semen by the epithelial cells of the prostate, and because this protein exists only in the prostate tissue, it is named prostate-specific antigen. The discovery of PSA has advanced the diagnosis of prostate cancer by 5 to 8 years, thus changing to some extent the situation that most patients are not diagnosed until late stages. So, what exactly is PSA? PSA is mainly produced by the epithelial cells of the prostate ducts and is normally secreted directly into the semen, which is important for human fertilization. In normal prostate tissue, as the epithelial cells are underlain by a dense basement membrane. Therefore, almost all of the PSA can only enter the semen through the lumen of the prostate ducts and not into the human bloodstream. Because of this, the serum PSA concentration in normal men is very low, only 1/1 millionth of the PSA concentration in semen. When a malignant tumor develops in the prostate, the cancer cells destroy the basement membrane beneath the prostate epithelium, allowing PSA to enter the bloodstream through this “abnormal pathway”. The concentration of PSA in the lumen of the prostate is 1 million times higher than in the blood. Therefore, a small leak can cause a large change in the serum PSA concentration. In healthy men, serum PSA concentrations are <4 μg/L, and most patients are diagnosed with prostate cancer when PSA is >10 μg/L. When the PSA is between 4 and 10 μg/L, about 25% of the people are prostate cancer patients. Through the above introduction, you should be able to see that PSA test is really important for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. We hope that older people will have their PSA checked regularly under the guidance of their doctors in order to detect prostate cancer early and treat it early.