Babies are the flowers of our country, the bloodline and family heritage, and the hope of every family, however, more and more families are facing the problem of infertility. WHO statistics show that about 5% to 8% of couples in developed countries are affected by infertility, and the prevalence of infertility in some areas of developing countries can be as high as 30%, while in China it is about 10% to 15%, which means that 1-2 out of every 10 couples are infertility patients. Among infertile women, about 15%-30% suffer from endometriosis, and among patients with endometriosis, the infertility rate is about 40%-50%. Clinically, endometriosis is considered to be one of the major causes of infertility. Therefore, in clinical practice, the possibility of endometriosis should be considered in women complaining of infertility who have patent fallopian tubes, biphasic basal body temperature and good endometrial response. So, what is endometriosis? And how does endometriosis affect infertility? Endometriosis, as the name implies, means that the endometrium grows in an abnormal location. These ectopic endometrium also change with the menstrual cycle and can produce a small amount of “menstruation” and cause various clinical phenomena, including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina and myometrium, etc. These lesions can cause infertility. Endometriosis of the ovaries is very common, commonly known as “chocolate cysts”, and can directly affect the normal ovulation of the ovaries or cause infertility by not ovulating. Ectopic lesions in the fallopian tubes can cause reduced peristalsis or even adhesions around the fallopian tubes, which can affect the function of the fallopian tubes and greatly reduce or even eliminate the function of egg collection at the umbilical end of the fallopian tubes. Even if a fertilized egg is formed, the function of the damaged fallopian tube to transport the fertilized egg is greatly reduced, which may result in ectopic pregnancy. If the tubal lumen is blocked and one or both fallopian tubes are not open, the entry of eggs into the fallopian tubes may also be affected. In addition, destruction of the ovaries by the ectopic endometrium can cause luteal insufficiency, which can lead to embryonic arrest or miscarriage. The autoimmune response of endometriosis patients is also detrimental to sperm and fertilized eggs, all of which are factors that cause infertility in endometriosis. So which infertility patients should be alerted to having endometriosis? Common manifestations of endometriosis include the following: 1. dysmenorrhea: 60% to 70% of patients may have dysmenorrhea; 2. menstrual disorders: mainly manifested as menstrual disorders, heavy menstrual flow, premenstrual drip bleeding or prolonged menstrual dripping; 3. infertility: 40% to 50% of patients with endometriosis are also infertile; 4. acute abdominal pain: rupture of ovarian endometriotic cysts may cause Acute abdominal pain; 5. Periodic rectal and bladder irritation; 6. Painful intercourse; 7. Chronic pain: Patients with endometriosis may also present with chronic lower abdominal pain, lower back pain, and painful defecation during menstruation. There are also patients with endometriosis who do not have obvious manifestations of the above, and small ectopic lesions in the pelvis in the form of dots or small patches can only be detected during laparoscopy, which can also lead to infertility. Laparoscopy is currently the gold standard for the diagnosis of endometriosis. Through laparoscopy, the pelvic cavity can be directly visualized and a clear diagnosis can be made when ectopic lesions are seen, and clinical staging can be performed to determine the treatment plan. After a clear diagnosis of endometriosis is made, drug therapy or conservative surgical treatment is feasible according to the patient’s age, fertility requirements, severity of the disease, symptoms and extent of the lesion, and overall consideration. For endoheterosexual infertility, we can apply hormonal drugs for control, Chinese medicine for regulation, or laparoscopic treatment, the purpose of treatment is to control the symptoms and have a baby!