1.Anastomotic fistula: This is a serious complication after esophageal cancer surgery, with an incidence rate of about 5%. The reasons for its occurrence are related to the anastomosis method, the tension of anastomosis, the secondary infection of anastomosis and the nutritional status of patient before surgery. The occurrence of fistula cannot be completely avoided by various methods. Anastomotic fistulas usually occur 4 to 6 days after surgery, or later. Once it occurs, it should be promptly and adequately drained. Zhang Ruixiang, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Cancer Hospital 2. Anastomotic stenosis: It occurs mostly 2 to 3 weeks after surgery, or it may start to appear as late as 2 to 3 months later, and patients mainly have different degrees of swallowing difficulties. The anastomotic stenosis is related to the anastomotic method, anastomotic infection, anastomotic leakage and the patient’s own scar body, etc. If the diagnosis is confirmed by examination, esophageal dilation or intraluminal stent dilation can be performed, and if the effect is not good, resection of the stenosis and re-anastomosis are also feasible. 3. Cardiac and pulmonary complications: Most of the patients with esophageal cancer are of higher age and often have different degrees of cardiac and pulmonary diseases. After surgery, they are reluctant to cough up sputum due to incision pain and other reasons, resulting in retention of bronchial secretions, which can easily complicate arrhythmia, pneumonia and pulmonary atelectasis. Once pulmonary infection occurs, the dosage of antibiotics should be increased, and drug sensitivity test and sputum culture should be performed to select sensitive antibiotics. Give sputum-cleansing drugs to facilitate coughing up sputum, and perform nasal catheter aspiration or fiberoptic bronchoscopy aspiration if necessary. 4.Pustulothorax: Since bacteria exist in the esophagus under normal circumstances, esophageal cancer surgery is a contaminated surgery and can be complicated by pustulothorax after surgery. The treatment principle of abscess chest is to perform closed drainage of chest cavity and apply antibiotics. 5.Celiac disease: The thoracic duct is an anatomical structure for draining the abdominal cavity and part of the thoracic lymphatic fluid, which is accompanied by the esophagus and may be damaged in the surgery. If the tumor invasion is obvious, it is more likely to be damaged. Thoracic duct injury is manifested by celiac fluid draining from the thoracic cavity, with a daily drainage rate of 500 ml or more. Once the diagnosis of celiac disease is confirmed, closed drainage of the chest cavity should be performed and observed for 1 to 2 days, if there is no sign of healing, that is, the chest should be opened again to ligate and suture the broken thoracic duct, and should not be delayed for too long. 6.Other: such as gastric torsion, gastric fistula, diaphragmatic hernia, laryngeal nerve injury, etc., the incidence is very low, so we will not introduce them in detail here.