It usually takes 3 months to 1 year to gradually return to normal after lumbar spondylolysis surgery, and the exact recovery time is related to the severity of the disease, the surgical method and the individual’s physical condition. Lumbar spondylolisthesis can lead to instability of the lumbar spine, resulting in relative slippage of the vertebral bodies, which squeezes the spinal canal and nerve roots. Symptoms include mainly low back pain, accompanied by radiating pain and numbness in the lower limbs. Surgery for lumbar spondylolisthesis routinely uses pedicle screw fixation or cage, bone grafting and other surgical methods to correct vertebral body slippage and stabilize the lumbar intervertebral discs, and the lumbar girdle can be worn to get out of bed in about one week after the operation, and the lumbar girdle can be removed to gradually resume normal walking after 3 months if the bone quality is well healed. During the period of 3 months to 1 year after surgery, patients should actively exercise their lumbar muscles to strengthen the stability of lumbar vertebrae, and at the same time, patients should also avoid prolonged sitting and standing, strenuous exercise, frequent bending and heavy lifting, etc., so as to achieve regular review, and most of the patients can gradually return to health after active rehabilitation.