1, what is Parkinson’s disease Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that is common in middle-aged and older people, and is one of the common neurological lesions. It was named after Dr. James Parkinson of the United Kingdom, who first published a medical paper documenting the disease in 1817. Parkinson’s disease is due to the dramatic functional degeneration of the “substantia nigra” part of the brain, which is unable to produce the neurotransmitter “dopamine” (Dopamine), which inhibits the brain’s ability to direct muscular activity to varying degrees, and greatly hampers the patient’s ability to move. The “dead” brain is not as active as it used to be. Once more than 50%~80% of the “dead” nigrostriatal cells, other areas of the brain involved in motor control can no longer function together, and the patient’s movement will become messy and uncontrollable. According to the statistics of domestic authoritative organizations, the incidence rate of Parkinson’s disease among the elderly over 65 years old in China is 1.7%, and the number of Parkinson’s disease patients in China has already exceeded 2 million. Although the majority of Parkinson’s disease patients are elderly people, there are also patients who develop the disease around the age of 30~40. Therefore, with the aging of the population and more and more young patients, the number of Parkinson’s disease patients will increase. 2, the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease Parkinson’s disease symptoms with the aggravation of the disease, in different stages will appear different symptoms; different patients may also have different external manifestations, can not be generalized; in general, the condition will gradually aggravate with the passage of time. Initial symptoms: Tremor The patient has uncontrollable tremor of the hands and feet, which is most obvious when the patient is at rest. The tremor usually starts on one side of the hand or foot and then spreads to the same side of the body. Stiffness The muscles of the hands and feet become stiff. When the patient straightens or bends his/her hands or feet, he/she finds that there is a greater resistance in the area, and the movement seems to be as difficult as turning a cogwheel. This stiffness can lead to muscle soreness or an inability to straighten the body. These symptoms include a range of phenomena: (1) Difficulty in writing, with smaller and smaller letters (2) Prolonged sitting without changing posture (3) Difficulty in starting and stopping (4) Lack of facial expression (1) Symptoms progressing from one side of the body to both sides of the body (2) A “switching off” of medication (between doses, because the drug does not have an effect). (2) “Switching off” of the medication’s effect (in the period between two doses, the medication fails to produce an effect and the activity is lost, like the power is turned off) (3) Walking and posture are affected, e.g., when walking, the feet can not be lifted up and walking drags on the ground (4) Loss of balance, easy to fall down. (4) Loss of balance, easy to fall. Lack of swinging of the hands when walking, so the patient used to rush forward with a sharp, broken step to maintain the center of gravity after starting (5) Slowing down of the speed of turning the body, but the patient still maintains the ability to take care of himself/herself (6) Lowering of the speed of turning the body, but the patient still maintains the ability to take care of himself/herself. (5) Some “involuntary movements”, i.e. “anisometropia” (6) Twisting and deformation of the joints of the limbs Other symptoms Apart from the main symptoms, patients with Parkinson’s disease may also have some other symptoms, including: (1) Speech disorders: the patient’s speech is affected and the patient’s voice is too low, too fast, and the patient’s voice is too weak, too fast, and the patient’s voice is too weak. (1) speech disorder: the patient’s speech ability is affected and there are problems of too low a voice, too fast, and difficulty in pronouncing words (2) dysphagia: it is difficult to swallow meals, drooling, and easy to choke and cough when drinking water, etc. (3) excessive secretion of oil from the skin, such as oily face (4) swelling of the joints (5) weight loss (6) severe constipation (7) urinary incontinence (8) impaired sexuality (9) dozing off frequently (10) cramps and muscle pains (11) depression (12) waking up often during night sleep. (12) Frequent awakening during sleep (3) Treatment Options There is still no cure for Parkinson’s disease, but by adopting a comprehensive treatment method combining internal medicine, surgery and other auxiliary rehabilitation, symptoms can be greatly slowed down so that patients can live independently and maintain a better quality of life. At the same time, individualized differences in Parkinson’s disease treatment should be noted. If you have tried various medications but still cannot effectively control the movement disorder, or if you have intolerable side effects after using medications, you can try Medtronic DBS therapy. The therapies for Parkinson’s disease include: Medication: The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are mainly caused by the degeneration of some nerve cells and lack of dopamine. All current anti-Parkinson’s disease medications only alleviate these symptoms, and to date there are no treatments that are effective in slowing down the degeneration or regenerating the degenerated nerve cells. Early stage Parkinson’s disease patients have only mild symptoms. If the symptoms do not interfere with daily work and life, patients do not necessarily need to take medication to improve their mobility, or a lower dose of medication may be sufficient. For most people with Parkinson’s disease, the more potent levodopa (L-DOPA) medication is often needed when symptoms worsen. L-DOPA is currently the most effective drug for treating Parkinson’s disease. When first taking the drug, many patients tend to have gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, which can be resolved by changing the dose of the drug or changing the habit of taking the drug. Many patients in a period of time, there will be a gradual decline in the efficacy of the drug, the amount of medication to increase the situation; there are also some patients appear “anisotropy” (some of the body can not self-control of the action) and “switch” cycle of the efficacy of the drug changes (i.e., the efficacy of the drug is not maintained until the next dose of medicine). (i.e., the drug’s effectiveness is not maintained until the next dose, leaving the patient immobilized for a period of time, as if the power had been turned off) are two side effects. These side effects are extremely troubling for patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease. The dopaminergic agonist class of drugs, on the other hand, has a relatively low chance of producing these problems, but may not be as effective as desired in some patients. In younger patients, physicians often start with dopamine agonists in the hope of reducing or delaying the use of levodopa in order to avoid “anisotropy” and “on-off” shifts in efficacy. When “switching” or “anisotropy” occurs, the dosage of levodopa needs to be adjusted and other medications used to minimize these side effects. For example, a B-type monoamine oxidase inhibitor or a catechol-oxygen-methyltransferase inhibitor can be taken along with levodopa to increase the stability of levodopa in the bloodstream and prolong the drug’s effectiveness. Treatment of Parkinson’s disease commonly used drugs and role: 1, levodopa levodopa metabolized into dopamine in the brain, is the main drug to control the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease; 2, dopamine agonists a class of dopamine receptor agonists, can replace the brain secretion of dopamine secretion to exercise the role of insufficient; 3, B-type monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-B inhibitors) has been dopamine decomposition and metabolism, prolonging the time of action in the body; 4, B-type monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-B inhibitors) has been dopamine decomposition, prolonging the time of action in the dopamine 4, catechol-oxygen methyltransferase inhibitors (COMT inhibitors) inhibit the decomposition of levodopa and dopamine, increase the dopamine content in the brain; 5, anticholinergic drugs a muscle relaxant drugs, suitable for patients with prominent tremor and younger; 6, amantadine dopamine release enhancers, can improve the early mild symptoms, reduce levodopa-induced “anisotropy”; 6, adamantane dopamine release promoter, can improve early symptoms, reduce levodopa-induced “Surgical treatment. Surgical treatment: Destructive surgery: Destructive surgery is a stereotactic procedure in which some of the nerve cells in the brain are destroyed by cauterization, which is effective in patients with hemifacial tremor and rigidity, but does not last long. This is a destructive and irreversible treatment, which is almost no longer used due to less satisfactory efficacy, higher surgical risk and more surgical complications. DBS therapy (Deep Brain Spot Stimulation): In recent years, DBS therapy is a new breakthrough in the surgical treatment of Parkinson’s disease. It applies minimally invasive neurosurgery to implant electrodes into a predetermined target area of the brain, which are then connected to a neurostimulator via connecting wires. The neurostimulator is typically implanted under the skin in the chest and is similar in size to a pacemaker. This technique is well established both domestically and internationally, and many studies have demonstrated its efficacy, with many patients taking significantly less medication and becoming more active after the procedure.