1.What are the common allergic skin diseases Spring is the season of allergic skin diseases. Every year after the Spring Festival, the number of dermatology outpatient visits increases dramatically, and nearly half of the patients are pruritic dermatoses, most of which belong to allergic dermatoses. The most common ones are eczema, urticaria, papular urticaria, angioedema, contact dermatitis, solar dermatitis, neurodermatitis, itchy rash, etc. Pruritus, a common skin condition in the elderly, is also more common. The most important feature of these diseases is that the itching is unbearable. Itching causes distraction, irritability and confusion, which affects work and life. Due to repeated attacks and constant scratching, the skin can become rough, thickened, infiltrated, and even mossy, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. Allergic skin diseases have complex causes, the pathogenesis is not fully understood, most of which can not be specific causes, treatment is difficult to achieve the drug to the disease, which brings great difficulties to the prevention and treatment work. 2, allergic skin disease causes (1) climate change factors spring back to the land, the first warm, the grass is long and flying, the spring color provocative. After the beginning of spring, cold and warm weather exchange frequently, the windy days increased significantly, the climate became dry, the human skin also became sensitive; spring climate warming, the skin coup opened, the external function of the guard weakened, the most vulnerable to disease; spring grass sprouting, buds first bloom, the recovery of the group of sting, the increase of dust mites, flakes in the air and the enhancement of light, will make the allergenic factors increased significantly. (2) Dietary stimulation factors Ancient Chinese medical text “Suwen. The ancient Chinese medical text “Suwen…” says that “the change of paste and sorghum will lead to boils and sores. Allergic skin disease is also the same, if the diet is not appropriate, it is also easy to cause skin allergies, especially spicy, seafood, certain high-protein insect food is a common cause of allergies. (3) Medications and microbial factors Older people mostly have hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and other diseases, and will take related drugs, and a certain drug or a certain component of it may be the allergen. Allergic reactions may occur to drugs taken internally and externally, and reports of allergy to Chinese herbal medicines, which are generally considered safe, are common. Allergies due to drugs can be as mild as a rash and itching, but in severe cases can lead to necrosis, loosening and peeling of the skin all over the body, and even life-threatening. Some microorganisms are also allergens in spring and summer, such as mosquito bites, which can cause papular urticaria and itchy rash. (4) the physiological characteristics of the elderly factors people in old age, the internal organs function will become weak, metabolism slowed down, the ability to adapt to decline. As the sebaceous gland function decreases, resulting in less sebum secretion, the skin will become dry, flaccid, thin and brittle, sensitive, and the emergency ability to external stimuli is greatly reduced. Therefore, when the seasons change, hot and cold, and other factors stimulate, it is easy to cause the body sensitive reaction and allergic skin disease. In conclusion, in terms of etiology, Chinese medicine and Western medicine have different theories, but one thing is the same, that is, they emphasize the combined effect of internal and external factors. The internal factor is that the patient is an allergist in the first place, while the external factor refers to various allergens. According to Chinese medicine, the main etiological factors of allergic skin diseases are endowment intolerance, lack of solidity outside the body, and external exposure to wind, heat, cold, moisture, and poison, resulting in disharmony between the body and the camp and blood, which is the main etiological mechanism of allergic skin diseases. “Therefore, the treatment also starts from the whole, with the treatment of dispelling wind and stopping itching, searching wind and stopping itching, and activating blood to dispel wind and stop itching. 3, prevention and health care (1) heaven and man, in accordance with its nature grass and trees in spring, summer growth, autumn and winter, all creatures in the world also with the four seasons and environmental changes and activities, this is called in accordance with nature. As human beings, we should do the same. For example, in spring, although the weather is getting warmer, but also can not suddenly reduce clothing too early, so as to avoid the skin can not adapt to the changing climate; sweat when the wind, resulting in the camp and the most vulnerable to hives, which is more common in the clinical; sleep is the first element of health, adequate sleep is like the four seasons of the winter collection, winter does not hide, then the spring and summer does not grow, early to bed and early to rise, beneficial to the body, often stay up late or poor sleep quality, it is difficult to have a good body, not to mention a healthy skin. It can be seen that to follow the nature is the primary condition for the human body to maintain balance and coordination, yin and yang harmonization, which is especially important for the elderly. (2) Reasonable diet, quit smoking and limit alcohol The elderly should have a varied diet, a light diet, warm and soft food, less slow, and pay attention to calcium and vitamin supplementation. This is not only in line with the physiological characteristics of the elderly, but also the basic requirements of most geriatric diseases on the diet spectrum. Eating a meal of raw seafood can unexpectedly provoke skin allergies; uncontrolled alcohol consumption, excessive spicy and greasy food is often an important cause of recurring eczema, dermatitis, boils, ringworm, etc. Some substances in smoke have also been shown to induce or aggravate allergic rhinitis, asthma and other diseases. (3) Tonify the spleen and stomach, moisten the lungs and dispel dryness. “If the righteousness exists within, evil cannot dry out”, meaning that as long as one’s own resistance is good, one is less likely to get sick. Chinese medicine attaches special importance to the regulation of the lung, spleen and kidney organs. It is believed that the lung is the main organ of the skin and hair, which transmits fluids around the body and has the role of protecting the body surface and resisting external evil; the spleen is the base of the latter, which is about the absorption of nutrients; and the kidney is the base of the first, which is the source of essence and the root of life. Therefore, in addition to actively treating the diseases of the organs concerned, the elderly should also pay attention to good health care in general. Active physical exercise can accelerate the flow of qi and blood, detoxification and detoxification, and improve the body’s immune function; a good state of mind is also beneficial to health, anger hurts the liver, worry hurts the spleen, and more lust hurts the kidneys, while “calm and empty, the true energy from the”, in order to prolong life. Appropriate dietary supplements are also a good health care measure. Spring dietary supplements should be the principle of clear, flat tonic, can be used to support the positive energy or supplement the vital energy of food, such as American ginseng, silver fungus, jujube, yam, Chinese wolfberry, as well as soy milk, sesame, walnuts, animal liver, etc.; cabbage, rape, tomatoes, citrus, lemon and other vegetables and fruits, is also a more suitable food for the elderly. The above foods not only have the function of moistening the lungs, strengthening the spleen and benefiting the kidneys, but also are rich in various vitamins, which are good for maintaining the skin, improving the physique and preventing skin allergies. (4) Treat the source of the disease and prevent it. There are many external factors that cause allergic skin diseases, which can be broadly divided into four categories: contact, inhalation, ingestion and injection, involving diet, drugs, floating substances in the air, various plants, pollen, industrial materials, food additives, cosmetics and so on. For long-standing allergic skin diseases, allergen testing and desensitization if necessary can be carried out, which is helpful in finding the cause and curing the disease. It should be reminded that pruritus in the elderly, in addition to their own physiological characteristics and neurological factors, some are also related to systemic diseases, such as liver disease, tumors, diabetes, blood diseases, uremia, etc., should be given great attention. For milder allergic skin diseases, oral antihistamines such as lupinamide tablets and loratadine tablets can help to reduce itching. If the condition is serious and affects your life, you should seek medical attention promptly. When suffering from allergic skin disease, try to scratch the affected area as little as possible and avoid scalding with overheated water. Keep the environment tidy, try not to use carpets at home, do not have pets, to regularly open the windows for ventilation, often sun bedding. It is best to wear loose, soft, breathable cotton underwear. Do not take a bath too often, so as not to dry the skin more.