Resting tremor, abnormal gait and posture, bradykinesia and bradykinesia have long been recognized as the four main signs of Parkinson’s disease. However, Parkinson’s disease is not only about motor symptoms, but also about non-motor symptoms that can seriously affect the quality of life of patients in all stages of the disease, and because of the lack of specificity of these non-motor symptoms, they are often ignored by patients and their families, who think that these symptoms have nothing to do with Parkinson’s disease. These non-motor symptoms include cognitive impairment, autonomic dysfunction, and more. This article is a brief introduction to the common non-motor symptoms and their management, as well as how to rehabilitate Parkinson’s disease and how to eat. 1, cognitive impairment Parkinson’s disease cognitive impairment covers many aspects, mainly manifested as: verbal fluency disorder, visual-spatial disorder, memory disorder, intelligence disorder, etc.. In short, it is a decline in language expression, spatial sense, poor memory and dementia. Early cognitive impairment is characterized by mild cognitive changes, which usually do not significantly affect daily life. In contrast, late stage cognitive impairment is dementia, with varying degrees of impairment in social interaction and daily living skills, which often seriously affects the quality of life. Different degrees of cognitive impairment may occur at various stages of Parkinson’s disease, and surveys have shown that about 1/3 of Parkinson’s patients will develop dementia at different stages of the disease process. So how do we deal with cognitive impairment as one of the more common non-motor symptoms? The rehabilitation of cognitive impairment is a long-term process with the main goal of improving life therapy. First, the opinion of the neurologist and rehabilitation physician is important. There are clinical scales to assess the main types of cognitive impairment and the degree of severity, and doctors can give different recommendations depending on the situation. Secondly, self-exercise and cooperation of the patient and family is also very important. It is important to consciously exercise one’s memory, spatial sense and ability to handle daily life chores. It is important to actively participate in social activities and to continue working early in the course of the disease. As medication, there is not a wide variety of drugs available at present. Exolon (carboplatin) is currently the only drug approved by the FDA for cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease, but we believe that there will be more options in the near future as scientific research continues to progress. 2, autonomic dysfunction Parkinson’s disease autonomic dysfunction includes indigestion, constipation, frequent urination, cardiac arrhythmia, unstable blood pressure, easy sweating, sexual dysfunction and so on. These symptoms are somewhat common in patients with Parkinson’s disease, and there are many ways that doctors can help alleviate these symptoms that can seriously affect quality of life. Take gastrointestinal symptoms for example, Parkinson’s patients not only have slower movements, but also have reduced gastrointestinal motility. Indigestion is often due to impaired gastric emptying, as evidenced by easy satiety and vomiting after eating, which may interfere with the absorption of some therapeutic drugs (e.g., levodopa is absorbed in the small intestine, and if the drug does not reach the small intestine after administration, its effectiveness is greatly diminished). Treatment is mainly symptomatic, and the drug domperidone (morpholine), which is known by many people to enhance gastric motility, has good effects on indigestion in Parkinson’s disease. For some patients with special circumstances or serious illness, the drug can be given directly to the small intestine through a nasal feeding tube if necessary to ensure the efficacy of the core drug. The main cause of constipation is reduced intestinal motility. Treatment is also symptomatic, first of all, we should eat more fiber-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables. Secondly, some stool softeners such as lactulose (Dulcolax) can be added. Not only gastrointestinal symptoms, if other manifestations of autonomic dysfunction appear and these symptoms have affected the quality of daily life of the patients, please promptly communicate with your neurologist, often some simple treatments can solve many problems. 3, rehabilitation training As far as the current situation is concerned, people tend to attach great importance to the drug treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Of course, medication has always been one of the core aspects of treatment for various diseases in daily clinical work. But in terms of Parkinson’s disease, physiotherapy, occupational therapy and other rehabilitation training is also an important part that cannot be missing. Through effective exercise and rehabilitation, the quality of life of patients can be greatly improved. For example, for “mask face”, we can strengthen the training of facial movements, such as frowning, cheek puffing, whistling and smiling; for neck stiffness and forward flexion, we can make head lifting and head turning movements within the range of self-conscious comfort; for difficulty in starting, we can For difficulty in starting, we can intentionally lift the feet high and drop the steps slowly, etc. Although clinical evidence is still lacking, some animal studies have found that early rehabilitation can slow the progression of the disease and reduce neurological impairment. Therefore, it is important to be persistent and slowly integrate these training components into your daily life. 4.Parkinson’s disease! What to eat? The general sense is still to be based on the balanced diet advocated by nutrition. For the specificity of Parkinson’s disease itself, there are the following suggestions for the daily diet. ① To promote appetite, Parkinson’s disease patients often have a tendency to depression, appetite before meals not only increases the intake of nutrients, but also has an auxiliary anti-depressant effect. ② To supplement calcium, Parkinson’s disease is prone to osteoporosis due to reduced exercise. Milk and dairy products are one of the main sources of calcium, more sunshine or calcium tablets are also good choices. ③Eating more coarse fiber or fiber-rich food can promote intestinal peristalsis, such as eating more fruits and vegetables, whole wheat bread and other coarse grain staples, and drinking more water can alleviate constipation to some extent. ④ Balancing the interaction of drugs and diet is also very important. Many drug reactions have gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, loss of appetite, and so on. Often the initial reaction to the drug is heavy, and the side effects may ease over time, but it is still a problem that can plague patients for a long time. In this case, eating smaller and more frequent meals can alleviate the gastrointestinal discomfort to some extent. In addition, a high protein diet can affect the entry of levodopa into the brain, thus greatly reducing its pharmacological effects. Therefore, taking levodopa orally at least half an hour before meals and taking care not to consume too much high-protein diet during meals can ensure the stability of the drug effect to a certain extent. Although there is no clinical evidence to confirm that these supplements can assist in the treatment or relief of symptoms, there is some evidence from animal experiments. (6) Green tea, coffee, and vitamin E-rich foods have antioxidant free radical effects. These foods may be beneficial to people with Parkinson’s disease, but there is a lack of evidence, but they are at least harmless. The manifestations of Parkinson’s disease vary greatly from person to person and as the disease progresses, it is difficult to use a uniform standard of care, especially with regard to non-motor symptoms and daily psychological and dietary care. Therefore, we need mutual communication between doctors and patients to develop individualized treatment and care rehabilitation plans, and we need the participation of every patient and family member.