The research results of the Human Genome Project have brought tremendous impact on molecularly targeted tumor therapy, enabling human beings to study the development of malignant tumors such as lung cancer, breast cancer and rectal cancer at the molecular level, and to design new drugs targeting different targets at the molecular level, such as the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family, angiogenic pathway, cell proliferation pathway, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis pathway. For example, in recent years, the therapies targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family, angiogenic pathway, cell proliferation pathway, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis pathway, etc. have made promising progress and tumor therapy has entered the era of molecular targeted therapy. As we all know, the mechanism of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is mainly to kill the DNA of tumor cells, which lacks specificity and kills many normal cells, but molecular targeted therapy is completely different. Molecular targeted therapy is designed to treat malignant tumors with abnormal molecular pathology by blocking or blocking key growth factors, receptors or kinases in the process of tumor development to stabilize and regulate cell growth or inhibit tumor neovascularization, so as to achieve the purpose of tumor treatment. In the process of drug design, it mainly targets tumor-specific pathogenesis or signaling pathways, which basically have no effect in normal cells. Therefore, compared with traditional chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy has the greatest superiority, first of all, it is very specific and only targets cancer cells, without the common side effects of chemotherapy, it will not cause patients to lose their hair, it will not cause patients to become nauseous and vomit. Nowadays, some targeted drugs can be taken orally at home without the need for hospitalization, thus solving many patients’ difficulties in life and providing better safety. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy require patients to be in good health, and the introduction of targeted therapy has made a major breakthrough in this regard. For patients with relatively poor general condition, the safety and tolerability of such molecular targeted drugs as Trokei and Erysal are very good, even for very advanced patients and patients with very poor physical condition, after these treatments, many patients can turn their lives around and maintain their survival to one year, two years or even three years or more, which may bring hope to some advanced patients. However, it should be emphasized that there is a specific clinical indication for targeted therapy, and not all tumors are suitable; the combination of targeted therapy with chemotherapy or radiotherapy can often play a role in enhancing the effect of tumor treatment in many cases.