The prevalence, etiology, and pathogenesis of pediatric cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) are not fully understood. It is generally accepted that CVS is a specific type of migraine that may be classified as a migraine precursor or migraine-related periodic syndrome in children according to the 1998 International Headache Society classification, and in fact, children with childhood migraine present with gastrointestinal symptoms, nausea and vomiting, and abdominal pain far more often than adults. The diagnosis of periodic vomiting in early childhood is further supported by the fact that many children gradually present with typical migraine headaches as they grow older. Triggers of CVS include physical and psychological stress and infection, with infection being the most common, along with diet, physical exertion and lack of sleep, with menstruation being the typical trigger. Most children with CVS have a typical clinical presentation with multiple episodes and repeated hospitalizations prior to consultation, and have been misdiagnosed or treated for other diseases at the beginning of the illness. 65% occur in the early morning or at night, as the onset of CVS is associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenergic axis and the stress response, especially with corticotropin-releasing factors. The onset of CVS is associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenergic axis and stress response, especially with corticotropin-releasing factors, thus explaining the hypertension and fluid retention symptoms in some patients at the onset. Pallor, nausea, lethargy, and drowsiness are the most common concomitant symptoms, followed by autonomic symptoms such as headache, dizziness, photophobia, fear of sound, and tachycardia, which strongly suggest that the onset of CVS is associated with abnormal autonomic nervous system function. Water-electrolyte disorders, reflux esophagitis and superficial gastritis are often combined in the course of the disease. Recently, the following three treatment options have been compared: 1) extensive laboratory tests excluding systemic diseases; 2) empirical anti-migraine treatment for 2 months; 3) empirical anti-migraine treatment for 2 months after a full barium meal gastrointestinal imaging, and a complete examination if the treatment fails in options 2 and 3. The results of the evaluation showed that option 3 was the most reasonable treatment option, as it avoided both the excessive and meaningless examinations of option 1 and the missed GI abnormalities of option 2. Recently, it has been concluded that children with typical CVS clinical manifestations do not require invasive diagnostic tests. The treatment of CVS is still empirical and comprehensive: 1. Avoid triggering factors: such as infection, food, motion sickness and emotions; 2. Support treatment during the attack: children should be given a stable and comfortable environment during the attack, avoid light and strong sound stimulation, give rehydration as needed, correct water-electrolyte disorders and acid-base imbalance, and ensure heat supply. If necessary, sedatives such as chlorpromazine and lorazepam should be applied. In recent years, the 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonist granisetron is also used to control symptoms. If there is obvious damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa (vomiting coffee-like material), mucosal protective agents and acid suppressants should be added appropriately; 3. Long-term drug therapy: For episodes more than once a month, each episode lasts 3-7 d, and the symptoms are so severe that the person is disabled or needs to be hospitalized, long-term preventive medication should be considered. At present, there is no unified plan for preventive treatment, the commonly used drugs are insulin, cephradine hydrochloride, amitriptyline, sodium valproate, etc.; some reports use doxepin, sodium valproate and cephradine triple therapy, the efficiency of more than 90%.