The management of postoperative complications of hemorrhoid disease in normal population is relatively simple, while special populations need to take corresponding management strategies in combination with the special physiological and psychological characteristics and pathogenesis of patients. Generally speaking, special populations mostly refer to groups with special physiological and psychological characteristics or in a certain special environment, with relatively poor self-protection and recovery ability, and vulnerable to the effects of various harmful factors. According to the professional characteristics of anorectal, we believe that the special groups of people with hemorrhoid disease mainly include pregnant women, the elderly, infants and children and patients with serious underlying diseases. In general, the above four groups of people with hemorrhoid disease mostly take conservative treatment, combined with their own diet, life conditioning can be alleviated to a certain extent, only when the patient has an emergency or serious impact on normal life, then consider surgical intervention, and more use of less trauma, light stimulation, relatively few postoperative complications, to solve the main clinical symptoms of surgical treatment, which can properly reduce the patient’s postoperative complications and facilitate the management of postoperative complications. When it comes to the management of postoperative complications of hemorrhoids in special populations, we first briefly analyze the pathogenesis of hemorrhoids in pregnant women, the elderly, and infants to facilitate the management of postoperative complications of hemorrhoids according to their physiological and pathological characteristics, with a view to minimizing patient discomfort. The pathogenesis of hemorrhoids in pregnant women: The relatively high incidence of hemorrhoids in pregnant women is related to a series of physiological changes that occur in the body of the pregnant woman during pregnancy, as the fetus grows, the uterus grows larger, the pressure on the pelvic veins increases, so that the blood return in the pelvis is blocked, the blood flow in the venous plexus around the anus is slow, the blood is stagnant, and the blood vessels expand to form hemorrhoids. In addition to the increasing abdomen of pregnant women, the relative inconvenience of activities, long bedtime, little activity, relaxation of the rectus abdominis and pelvic floor muscles, slow gastrointestinal peristalsis, prone to constipation, and the mass of feces compressing the intestinal wall veins, so that the venous reflux is more poor, when defecating, force to earn, abdominal pressure increases, hemorrhoidal vein expansion, can also contribute to the formation of hemorrhoids. The pathogenesis of hemorrhoids in the elderly: the higher incidence of hemorrhoids in the elderly has its own special factors, with the growth of age, the elderly physiological functions tend to decline, intestinal peristalsis is slow, the anorectal department of the nerves, blood vessels, muscles and ligaments are in a relaxed state of decline, which can easily lead to the onset of hemorrhoids. In addition, the elderly are often accompanied by a variety of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, hypertension, chronic bronchitis and diabetes, which increases the risk of surgery, the use of local or oral drugs to temporarily control the symptoms, so that hemorrhoids do not get thorough and effective treatment, hemorrhoids are often heavier. At the same time, elderly people suffering from hemorrhoids, severe constipation and other anorectal diseases, local discomfort and sudden increase in abdominal pressure during defecation, beyond the degree of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular tolerance, will directly or indirectly induce, aggravate coronary heart disease, hypertension and other diseases. The pathogenesis of hemorrhoids in infants and young children: the incidence of hemorrhoids in infants and young children is very low, mostly caused by diarrhea or dry stools, generally normal stools hemorrhoids will heal on their own, without medication, and occasionally severe cases can be treated with oral laxatives and local topical creams. Some infants and children have recurrent hemorrhoids due to congenital weakness of the perianal plexus and dry stools, and the symptoms gradually worsen, which seriously affects the growth and development of the child, so surgery needs to be considered. Postoperative complications are relatively few, but they are more difficult to deal with because the child is uncooperative after surgery.