A. Psychological preparation Many patients are very nervous and even scared when they hear about surgery (radiofrequency ablation) for atrial fibrillation (AF), but there is no need. Think about it, the doctor recommends that you operate (radiofrequency ablation), indicating that there is hope for a cure. Surgery (radiofrequency ablation) is to help patients to remove the disease and restore their health, patients should be happy, there is still a chance to cure, should face the surgery (radiofrequency ablation) with confidence, and should not be hesitant. Therefore, our patient’s family should help the patient to adjust his mind well before the surgery (RF ablation), so that he can better cooperate with the doctor, and the surgery (RF ablation) will be smoother and beneficial to the patient’s recovery. Pre-operative anticoagulation Pre-operative effective anticoagulation is one of the most important links before surgery (radiofrequency ablation). Before anticoagulation, the risk of thrombosis should first be assessed (Thrombosis Risk Assessment System – CHA2DS2-VASc) If the CHA2DS2-VASc score of patients with atrial fibrillation is 0, oral aspirin can be administered without antithrombotic therapy; if the CHA2DS2-VASc score is 1, oral anticoagulant or aspirin can be administered with a preference for anticoagulation; if the CHA2DS2-VASc score is ≥2, oral anticoagulants should be administered. Bleeding risk should also be assessed before anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation (Bleeding Assessment System – HAS-BLED). If the HAS-BLED system score is ≥3, it means that the risk of bleeding is high and great caution is needed when using aspirin or warfarin for anticoagulation. Therefore, in patients with atrial fibrillation, the CHA2DS2-VASc with HAS-BLED system should be used to assess the risk of thrombosis and bleeding before formulating appropriate anticoagulation therapy. Anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation should always be performed under the guidance of an experienced physician. Current anticoagulants include traditional vitamin K antagonists (warfarin), versus newer oral anticoagulants (dapigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, etc.). Common to both: both can effectively (but not 100%) prevent thromboembolism; differences: warfarin has a narrow therapeutic window and requires maintenance of INR (International Normalized Ratio) 2.0-3.0, which is ineffective in preventing thromboembolism when INR <2 and prone to bleeding when INR >3, and requires frequent laboratory testing of INR, but is inexpensive. Newer anticoagulants do not require routine testing but are more expensive. patients with atrial fibrillation with CHA2DS2-VASc score >1 must be effectively (for those taking warfarin, INR up to 2.0-3.0) anticoagulated before surgery, for at least 3 weeks, before undergoing surgery. Third, antiarrhythmic drug adjustment Especially for patients with fast ventricular rate, it is necessary to choose appropriate antiarrhythmic drugs to effectively control the heart rate before surgery, otherwise the continuous too fast ventricular rate will lead to aggravation of the patient’s symptoms (panic, chest tightness, etc.), arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, cardiac insufficiency, etc. The choice of antiarrhythmic drugs must be made under the guidance of an experienced physician. At the same time, we should effectively control the accompanying diseases, such as patients with hypertension, the blood pressure must be well controlled before and after surgery, otherwise atrial fibrillation will easily recur after surgery; patients with diabetes should control their blood sugar under the guidance of endocrinologists; patients with rheumatic heart disease with severe valve stenosis accompanied by atrial fibrillation should preferably choose surgical treatment, so that heart valve replacement and atrial fibrillation ablation can be be completed through a single surgery.