”Wow-” With a loud cry, a new life scrapes to the ground, bringing joy, happiness and pleasure to the family. The question that follows is how to feed and care for the lovely baby so that it grows up healthy and free from disease. Neonatal pneumonia is a common disease of the neonatal period and is an important cause of death in newborns. It can occur in utero, during delivery or after birth and is caused by bacteria, viruses or protozoites. It occurs in utero, during labor and delivery and accounts for 0.5% of live births and 5%-35% of neonatal autopsies. Worldwide, 2 million children die each year from neonatal pneumonia. The atypical clinical presentation is characteristic and needs to be fully recognized and not ignored for early recognition, early diagnosis and proper management. Causes of neonatal pneumonia I. Intrauterine infection: Infection of the mother during pregnancy with bacteria, viruses or protozoa, premature rupture of the amniotic membrane for more than 24 hours or amniotic chorioamnionitis contaminating the amniotic fluid. Pneumonia occurs when the fetus inhales contaminated amniotic fluid due to upstream infection of the amniotic membrane by bacteria, viruses or mycoplasma in the vagina of the pregnant mother. If the mother is infected with viruses, protozoa or mycoplasma in the second trimester, the pathogens can be transmitted to the fetus through the bloodstream and cause pneumonia. Infection during delivery: Pneumonia occurs when the fetus inhales secretions contaminated with pathogens from the mother’s vagina during delivery. The fetus may be infected by bloodstream infection due to unclean umbilical cord weaning. Third, infection after birth: the incidence of pneumonia is highest after birth. 1, contact transmission: exposure to infants with respiratory infections easily transmitted to newborns, resulting in pneumonia. 2. Blood-borne transmission: When a newborn has other infectious diseases, the pathogens can be transmitted to the lungs via blood-borne transmission and cause pneumonia. 3. Medical transmission: The pathogenic bacteria are brought to the newborn due to the lack of strict sterilization of medical equipment and the lack of diligent hand washing by medical personnel. Parents how to identify neonatal pneumonia Neonatal pneumonia is the most common type of infectious disease, the younger the child the more susceptible he or she is to the disease, which can occur throughout the year. If a pregnant woman has had an infectious disease before delivery or if the fetus has had intrauterine distress, the newborn should be alerted to the possibility of pneumonia after birth. The clinical presentation of neonatal pneumonia is often atypical, and mothers need to observe carefully for early recognition and detection. If your baby shows signs of nasal congestion, choking, fine white foam in the mouth, coughing, fever or temperature not rising, depression, difficulty feeding, not crying, shortness of breath, wheezing, superficial breathing, bruising around the mouth or extremities, and gray or pale skin in other areas, you should go to the hospital immediately. In severe cases, apnea may even occur. The easiest way to determine if you have pneumonia is to count your breaths and observe the chest depression. According to the World Health Organization’s Acute Respiratory Infection Control in Children (ARI) program, an infant younger than two months old is considered to be breathing faster when the number of breaths per minute in a quiet state is greater than or equal to 60; if the number of breaths per minute is greater than or equal to 60, the infant is considered to be breathing faster; when an infant younger than two months old inhales, the lower part of the chest wall is clearly sunken inward. This is called chest depression. This is due to the fact that with pneumonia, the child needs to inhale harder than usual in order to complete gas exchange. If the newborn has both increased respiration and a significant chest depression, he or she is diagnosed with severe pneumonia and must be hospitalized. How to treat pneumonia in newborns If your baby has pneumonia, mothers should not be alarmed and go to the hospital immediately, the medical staff will give your baby good treatment care. 1, strengthen care and intensive care: pay attention to the body temperature is not high to keep warm, maintain a moderate temperature, so that the skin temperature of the child up to 36, 5 ℃, environmental humidity at 50% or more. Pay attention to opening windows and ventilation to avoid lack of air circulation. When breastfeeding, be careful not to let the child eat too fast or too quickly, and not to feed too much milk at one time to avoid choking or overflow. After feeding, gently pat the baby’s back to let him/her exhaust. 2.Oxygen inhalation: According to the condition, if the baby has difficulty in breathing and cyanosis, oxygen inhalation can be given. 3, anti-pathogenic treatment: for bacterial pneumonia in principle, early antibiotics are appropriate, intravenous administration is effective, according to the drug sensitivity test selection of antibiotics, but the causative agent of pneumonia is not easy to determine, so the use of penicillin, ampicillin, cephalexin, etc.. For viral pneumonia, Ribavirin (Ribovirin virazole) is available. For Chlamydia and Mycoplasma pneumonia, erythromycin and azithromycin are used. Very low birth weight babies and severe pneumonia can be transfused with plasma or intravenous gammaglobulin several times. 3, supply sufficient nutrition and fluids: breastfeeding in small amounts several times is appropriate. If the supply of calories is insufficient, intravenous plasma, amino acids or high nutrient liquid can be supplemented. The total amount of intravenous fluid should not be too much, and the infusion speed should not be too fast. 4.Symptomatic treatment: according to the condition, cough and phlegm treatment such as Mucosolvan can be given, and if necessary, nebulized inhalation can be given to ensure a smooth airway. 5. Chest physiotherapy: postural drainage, chest percussion or vibration can be given if necessary. How to care for neonatal pneumonia Neonatal pneumonia is important to pay attention to the diagnosis and strengthen the treatment at the same time, care is also of great importance. 1, Environment: The indoor temperature of the newborn should be 20 ℃ ~ 24 ℃ is appropriate, the relative humidity is maintained at 50% ~ 60%, and pay attention to indoor air circulation to keep the air fresh, but avoid convection to prevent cold. 2, position: pay attention to frequent turning and changing position, take the head high side position, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, in order to facilitate the discharge of secretions. 3.Feeding: supply enough heat, nutrition and water to the child. If the child is critically ill, suspend breastfeeding and medicine feeding to avoid asphyxia caused by vomiting. If the child is bruised and choking around the mouth and nose while breastfeeding, stop immediately and give oxygen. After the condition is stabilized, breastfeeding should be done in small amounts several times. 4.Oxygen inhalation: When the child has shortness of breath and bruising around the lips, oxygen should be administered immediately. 5. Sputum aspiration: In pneumonia, respiratory secretions increase, but the newborn is unresponsive and does not cough up sputum, so sputum should be aspirated in time to keep the respiratory tract open and prevent asphyxia. 6, temperature: neonatal pneumonia body temperature is more normal, if the temperature is high can use physical cooling, generally do not use antipyretic drugs, to prevent excessive sweating caused by deflated. 7, infusion, 4 to 6 drops per minute is appropriate, so as not to speed too fast to cause pulmonary edema or heart failure and aggravate the condition. The amount of fluid should not be too much. 8, newborn poor responsiveness, pneumonia is often no respiratory symptoms, so we must closely observe the heart rate, breathing, if the mouth vomiting foam, pale face, lips around the blue, refusing milk, indicating that the condition is serious, to actively rescue treatment. How to prevent neonatal pneumonia 1. About the mother: If the mother has infectious diseases before delivery, premature rupture of the amniotic membrane, amnionitis, etc., antibiotics are available to prevent fetal infection. 2. About the family: The room environment should be of appropriate temperature and humidity, not overcrowded, and avoid too many relatives and friends visiting the baby. Wash your hands strictly before caring for your baby. Usually family members should not often kiss the child to avoid the introduction of germs from the respiratory tract. Pay attention to feeding and prevent milk inhalation. If there are family members suffering from respiratory diseases such as the flu, they should be given isolation or wear a mask to avoid infecting the baby. 3. About the baby: Do not contact the baby with people with fever, cough or runny nose.