The thoracolumbar segment of the crest is located at the junction of the thoracic and lumbar crests and is the turning point between the posterior convexity of the thoracic spine and the anterior convexity of the lumbar spine. When the crest is traumatized, the thoracolumbar vertebrae are most likely to be damaged. Early on, due to the lack of clinical medical intervention at this time, the anterior column of the vertebrae is destroyed and the body mass is loaded onto the posterior column of the crestal vertebrae, which in turn aggravates the kyphosis angle of the thoracolumbar segment and exacerbates the degeneration of the adjacent vertebral bones and ligamentous muscles. When the localized single vertebral body kyphosis angle is >20°, the unstable kyphotic deformity gradually evolves into a delayed kyphotic deformity. Delayed thoracolumbar fractures with kyphosis can cause nerve damage, low back pain and neurological symptoms. Such patients with old fractures of the thoracolumbar segment with kyphosis require surgical treatment with the following objectives: 1) decompression of the crestal medulla or nerve roots to improve nerve function; 2) reduction of low back pain; 3) reconstruction of the sagittal plane physiological curvature of the thoracolumbar segment; 4) reliable fusion and stabilization of the crestal column.