If cancer is detected and diagnosed early, most patients are cured. However, most of the patients seen in the clinic are not in the early stage of cancer. Early stage of cancer often has no special symptoms, or even no symptoms at all. Therefore, patients will not take the initiative to go to the hospital for diagnosis and examination, and once the state is obvious, it is often too late. In fact, some symptoms and signs may be related to early-stage cancer, which can be called “early signs” or “warnings”. Early detection of cancer, in addition to the attention of the government and census conducted by medical personnel, also depends on the patients to be more vigilant and learn self-examination and self-discovery. The World Health Organization (WHO) has put forward the following “eight warning signs” as the reference for people to consider the early signs of cancer. 1. Palpable hard nodules or hard changes, such as hard nodules found in breast, skin and tongue. 2. 2. Warts (superfluous tumors) or moles with obvious changes. 3.Persistent digestive irregularities. 4.Persistent hoarseness, dry cough and difficulty in swallowing. 5.Abnormal menstrual period, hemorrhage, menstrual bleeding outside. 6, Unexplained bleeding from nose, ears, bladder or intestines. Wounds that do not heal, swelling that does not go away. Unexplained weight loss. The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, according to the situation in China, puts forward the following ten symptoms as a warning sign to draw people’s attention to cancer: 1. Lumps in any part of the body, such as breast, neck or abdomen, especially those that are gradually increasing. 2. 2, any part of the body, such as the tongue, cheek mucosa, skin and other places without trauma and the development and birth of ulcers, especially those that do not heal for a long time. 3. Irregular vaginal bleeding or discharge (commonly known as leukorrhea) in women above middle age. 4, Suffocation, burning pain, foreign body sensation or progressive aggravation of dysphagia at the back of the sternum when eating. 5.Prolonged dry cough or blood in the talk. 6.Prolonged dyspepsia, progressive loss of appetite, emaciation, without identifying a clear cause. 7, Change of bowel habit, or blood in stool. Nasal congestion, epistaxis, unilateral headache or diplopia. 9, Sudden enlargement of nevus or ulceration, bleeding, loss of existing hair. Painless hematuria. In addition to the above eight warning signs and ten major symptoms, there are also the following signs which should be highly alerted. 1, unilateral persistently aggravated headache, vomiting and visual disturbances, especially unexplained diplopia. 2, tinnitus, hearing loss, aspiration sputum with blood, neck lumps. 3, Unexplained oral bleeding, oropharyngeal discomfort, foreign body sensation or cavity pain. 4, Painless and continuously worsening jaundice. 5, Nipple discharge, especially bloody fluid. 6, Gynecomastia growth. 7, Unexplained fatigue, anemia and fever. 8, Unexplained generalized pain, bone and joint pain. In addition, precancerous lesions should also be considered as early signs. For example, mucosal leukoplakia, chronic skin ulcers, fistula, proliferative scars (especially scars caused by chemical burns), atrophic gastritis and intestinal epithelial hyperplasia, rectal polyp, skin keratosis (especially keratosis palmaris at the size of the interspace between the fish, cystic lobular hyperplasia of the mammary gland, cervical erosion, cervical polyp and so on) can be developed into cancer. Third, correctly treating early signs It must be emphasized that neither the eight warning signs nor any of the ten symptoms are exclusive to cancer. The presence of one or even several of these items does not mean that the person is suffering from cancer. For example, hemosiderosis granuloma and plasma cell mastitis of the breast can cause lumps and skin changes that are very similar to breast cancer; chronic ulcers of the lower limbs (commonly called rotting legs) have a course of several years but are not cancerous; vaginal mycobacterial infections, which are common in middle-aged women with endometriosis, can also lead to menstrual hemorrhage and leukorrhea; esophagitis and esophageal diverticulosis can also cause stuffiness, discomfort, and burning pain in the posterior part of the sternum when eating; in the case of causes of bloody phlegm, it is not the only one that can cause cancer. In the causes of bloody sputum, tuberculosis seems to be more common; patients with chronic atrophic gastritis often have dyspepsia and loss of appetite, etc.; ulcerative colitis and intestinal polyps can also cause blood in the stool; nasal polyps and migraines can cause unilateral nasal congestion and headache; in the endemic areas of hemofilminths, hemofilminthiasis can cause celiac sprue, etc. In general, the above warning signs or signs can also lead to increased menstrual bleeding. In conclusion, having one to several of the above warning signs or symptoms does not necessarily mean that one is suffering from cancer. These signs should not be regarded as the basis for confirming the diagnosis of cancer, and because of one or a few signs, one should not be frightened and the whole family should not be disturbed. However, the warning signs and symptoms mentioned above may belong to the early signs of certain cancers, which, if taken lightly, may cause delay in diagnosis and treatment. Early Signs of Common Cancers 1. Esophageal Cancer: Delayed swallowing of food, stagnation or slight choking sensation, which may subside on its own, but may appear again after a few days, recurring and getting worse gradually. Or when swallowing or eating, one always feels localized pain in the sternum. Usually, it feels that there is a foreign body in the esophagus and it is not related to eating, which persists and cannot be disappeared by drinking water and swallowing food. Gastric cancer: Suddenly appearing indigestion symptoms of unknown cause, which are stubborn and fast progressing; the prominent manifestations are rapid decrease of appetite, feeling of fullness and discomfort in the abdomen after eating, meanwhile, significant weight loss. Or, people who did not have stomach pain (“heartburn”) in the past suddenly have recurring stomach pain; although they used to have stomach pain, the intensity, nature, and duration of pain suddenly change recently, and the original effective drugs become ineffective or poor. Colorectal cancer: If people over 30 years old have abdominal discomfort, hidden pain, abdominal distension, change of bowel habit, constipation, diarrhea or alternating, feeling of falling down, and ambassadors with blood, followed by anemia, fatigue and weakness, and lumps felt in the abdomen, colorectal cancer should be considered. Among them, limited and intermittent hidden pain along the colon is the first alarm signal of colon cancer. If the feeling of falling is obvious with blood in stool, it is the signal of rectal cancer (colorectal cancer includes colon cancer and rectal cancer). 4. Liver cancer: Early liver cancer has no specific symptoms, and if there are any, it is mostly a complicated manifestation of precancerous diseases. However, if patients with chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis have tingling or increasing pain in the right upper abdomen or liver area, discomfort, loss of appetite, progressive dyspepsia, accompanied by persistent diarrhea and obvious weight loss, they should be highly alerted. Nasopharyngeal cancer: Early signs of nasopharyngeal cancer have a common feature that symptoms (and signs) mostly occur unilaterally. Unilateral snot blood (meaning blowing out), unilateral nosebleed, unilateral tinnitus, unilateral hearing loss, unilateral headache, unilateral swelling of cervical lymph nodes. 6.Brain tumor: the main manifestations are headache and vomiting. Headache is very special, often in the early morning when waking up headache is the most serious, get up can gradually reduce, before the forehead, rear occipital and both sides of the obvious. Headache is often accompanied by jet-like vomiting, which is not related to eating, especially when the pain is severe, and the headache will be relieved after vomiting. 7. Lung cancer: Cough is an early symptom of lung cancer, which is characterized by paroxysmal irritating choking cough, with the feeling of not being able to cough cleanly, usually no sputum or only a small amount of white foamy sputum, and pus sputum may appear secondary to infection. If there is no improvement after 2 weeks of anti-inflammatory treatment, one should be alert to the possibility of lung cancer. If there is no improvement after 2 weeks of anti-inflammatory treatment, one should be alerted to the possibility of lung cancer. Or if there is a change in the nature of cough on the basis of the original chronic cough, or even accompanied by “tracheal ringing” and “shortness of breath”, one should pay attention to it. Another warning sign of lung cancer is intermittent recurrence of small amount of bloody sputum, or sputum with blood. In addition, there are symptoms such as chest and back pain, chest tightness and fever. Breast cancer: abnormal changes in breast, such as palpable thickening or lump, distension, micro-concavity (“dimple sign”), thickening and reddening of skin, deformation of nipple, retraction or scaling, etc., pain or pressure, and sudden appearance of unilateral nipple water (milky, blood-like or watery fluid) in non-lactating women. 9.Cervical cancer: Early symptoms of cervical cancer mainly include the following. (1) Dribbling vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse, defecation and activity, blood mixed in vaginal secretion. It starts to appear in small amount and often stops by itself. (2) Irregular vaginal bleeding, especially after years of menopause and sudden vaginal bleeding. (3) Increased leukorrhea, bloody or flesh-washing. (4) Pain in the lower abdomen and lower back. Anyone with more than one of the above should be further examined promptly. Focus on irregular vaginal bleeding, contact bleeding and excessive leukorrhea. 10. Leukemia: Fever, bleeding and anemia are the three major early symptoms of (acute) leukemia. Fever of 37.5℃-38.5℃ often suggests infection, such as inflammation of the skin, respiratory tract, intestines, oral cavity, urinary system and other parts. Bleeding can occur in any part of the body, but is common under the skin, in the mouth, nose and gums. The degree of bleeding can range from petechiae and ecchymosis to profuse bleeding from the mouth and nose. Anemia is due to red lineage hematopoietic disorders and hemorrhage and evolves rapidly, with the patient looking pale. In addition, lymph node enlargement and bone and joint pain may appear, and the characteristic significance is the light pressure pain of sternum. Self-examination In addition to mastering the alarm signals of cancer mentioned above, learning self-checking methods is more conducive to the early detection of cancer. How to do self-check? 1. At least once a month, touch the neck, armpits and groin to check whether there are swollen lymph nodes (it is generally believed that lymph nodes smaller than the size of a peanut are normal), what is the texture of the swollen lymph nodes, whether they are fixed, and whether there is any pressure pain. 2.When coughing for a long time, should pay attention to the sputum coughed up whether there is blood mixed, pay attention to the time of coughing, chest pain in the area, the amount of blood, the color of the blood, and so on. 3.In case of loss of appetite and emaciation, epigastric pain, if accompanied by nausea and vomiting, pay attention to whether there is black-brown content in the vomit, and observe whether the stool is tarred off or with blood, and whether there is any change in the shape of the stool. 4, women every day or every week to observe whether the leukorrhea is mixed with bloody secretions, whether the leukorrhea has a fishy odor. 5, the daily habits of urination and defecation have changed. Pay special attention to whether there is any pain, falling sensation and change in the appearance of feces during bowel movement. When urinating, observe whether the range is shortened, whether there is white secretion, whether there is bloody urine, and whether there is discomfort in the perineum. 6.When the fever is of unknown cause for a long period of time, attention should be paid to measuring the body temperature four times a day, once in the morning, in the middle of the day, in the evening and at night, for three consecutive days, and make records. If necessary, check the blood routine, blood sedimentation and so on. 7, men should pay attention to whether the penile foreskin is too long, whether there is ulcerated nodules at the urethral orifice, and whether there is easily bleeding cauliflower-like swelling in the penile coronal groove. 8.When there is pain in the limbs after strenuous activities and the activities are restricted, attention should be paid to whether there is swelling in the joints of the limbs and whether there is palpable swelling under the skin. If painless lumps appear in the long bones of the limbs, you should go to the orthopedic department of the hospital in time. 9. Pay attention to the changes of moles on various parts of the body surface at any time to see if they grow rapidly and break down in a short time.