The thickening of the lower esophageal wall may be due to physiological causes or pathological causes, common causes and related suggestions are as follows: I. Physiological causes: Due to its own congenital thick esophageal wall, it is normal for the lower esophageal wall to thicken through the continuous contraction and diastole of the esophageal sphincter during the peristaltic process. If the examination by gastroscopy, upper gastrointestinal barium meal or CT shows that the lower end of the esophagus is open, the mucosa is smooth and there is no tumor lesion, it means that the patient’s esophagus is normal and there is no need to worry too much. Pathological causes: 1. Chronic esophagitis: it may be inflammatory edema leading to thickening of the lower esophageal wall, the main clinical symptoms are heartburn and chest pain, etc. The diagnosis can be clarified by endoscopy. The treatment can be dopamine receptor antagonist such as metoclopramide and domperidone to promote the emptying of esophagus and stomach, cisapride to release acetylcholine through the postganglionic nerve of intestinal muscle plexus to reduce reflux, cholinergic drugs such as ura choline to promote esophageal contraction, diet should be a small number of meals, should not be too full to avoid causing high abdominal pressure; 2, esophageal cancer: among them, myxomatous esophageal cancer, tumor involvement of the esophageal tube wall can appear obvious The thickened esophageal wall and the surrounding tissues can be seen to be indistinguishable by chest CT. It can be treated by surgical resection under endoscopy, and later chemotherapy and radiotherapy are needed to control the development of the disease.