The pressure that blood exerts on the arterial walls as it flows through the arteries is called arterial blood pressure (hereinafter referred to as blood pressure). The amount of blood pumped by the heart, as well as the thickness of the arteries and the elasticity of the blood vessels, determine the magnitude of blood pressure. Other factors that influence the variation of blood pressure include the body’s activity, temperature, diet, emotional state, posture, mental stress and drug use. The elasticity of blood vessels becomes less and less with age. This can cause a person’s blood pressure to rise. The systolic blood pressure of the heart is called the systolic blood pressure, which is that large value obtained when blood pressure is measured and indicates the pressure in the arteries when the heart pumps blood. After each heart contraction, it loosens up and the blood refills the heart chambers. During this period, the pressure in the arteries is called the diastolic pressure, which is that smaller number obtained when the pressure is measured. The systolic pressure is usually written in front of the diastolic pressure, e.g., a person’s systolic pressure is 120 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and diastolic pressure is 80 mmHg, written 120/80 mmHg. Hypertension is a disease characterized by a chronic increase in blood pressure. The diagnosis of hypertension must be made when the blood pressure is greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg when the blood pressure is taken several times, not on the same day. The onset of hypertension is insidious and early manifests itself only as fatigue and headache, which can be relieved by rest, lacking in characteristics and often considered as a problem of exertion. As the disease develops the body may become tolerant to the continuous rise in blood pressure, and at this time most patients do not feel uncomfortable, and often overlook the existence of the problem if there is no blood pressure check, and are often found to have hypertension only after discomfort occurs in the heart, brain, kidneys and other important organs. Therefore, regular blood pressure checks are very important, early detection and early treatment effect is significant, hypertension often has familial factors, or and kidney disease, endocrine disease, so once the discovery of hypertension must first let the doctor carefully find the cause, for the cause of treatment, rather than simply take antihypertensive drugs. Clinicians often find that although patients take their medication seriously, they have no idea whether their blood pressure is under good control or not, thinking that taking medication will definitely work; or they only measure their blood pressure when they go to the doctor’s office and do not regularly control their blood pressure with the goal of management. What are the consequences of this? First of all, it is possible that the high blood pressure does not come down (the damage caused by this is easy to understand); secondly, it is possible that the blood pressure drops too low (the risk to life may be greater); and then there is too much fluctuation in blood pressure (this problem is more chronic damage to the organs). Therefore, hypertensive patients should check their blood pressure at least once a day, morning, noon and night, and carefully record it, so that the physician can follow up and adjust the medication to protect life safety. Sphygmomanometer can be the traditional mercury type, can also be electronic sphygmomanometer, as long as it is qualified products, according to the formal measurement requirements to do are possible, because the mercury meter and electronic sphygmomanometer measurement principle is not the same, so the two for comparison is not comparable; furthermore, blood pressure itself is fluctuating, different moments of measurement will not be exactly the same. From a measurement point of view, the more times the correct test method is used, the smaller the error will be, and the closer the test results will be to the actual blood pressure level. Considering the many interfering factors that affect blood pressure, it is important to take blood pressure measurements in quiet conditions (morning, after lunch break, at night before going to bed), when the blood pressure can be considered close to the level of basal blood pressure. Hypertension is very harmful to the human body, not only directly produces a series of symptoms such as headache, dizziness, insomnia, irritability, palpitations, chest tightness, etc., but also long-term continues to have great damage to the heart, brain, kidneys and other organs, as well as damage to other organs is also very serious. Many hypertensive patients die from stroke, heart failure, and kidney failure. Long-term hypertension increases the burden on the left ventricle of the heart, causing compensatory hypertrophy and dilatation of the left ventricle, resulting in heart failure. High blood pressure causes strokes, also commonly known as strokes. High blood pressure can cause vascular lesions and sclerosis in the brain, which can easily lead to cerebrovascular accidents. Long-term hypertension can also cause damage to the retina of the eye, resulting in vision loss or even blindness, and will accelerate atherosclerosis, causing a series of serious diseases related to damage to blood vessels throughout the body. The use of antihypertensive medication is a matter of concern, taking into account the patient’s physical condition, the presence of co-morbidities, and the function of various organs to develop a comprehensive treatment plan. There are many kinds of antihypertensive drugs and their effects are not exactly the same. Patients should be under the guidance of their doctors, taking into full consideration the factors of individual differences and graded treatment, and not to use drugs indiscriminately or blindly use more drugs. Some people, once they find out that their blood pressure is high, are eager to bring it down immediately and increase the dose of drugs at will, which can easily lead to accidents. In principle, the magnitude of the short term lowering of blood pressure can not exceed 20% of the original blood pressure, blood pressure down too fast or too low will occur dizziness, weakness and other uncomfortable symptoms, heavy can also lead to ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Do not intermittent medication some patients with antihypertensive drugs when taking and stopping, not only can not control the blood pressure, but also can make the condition worse. Many patients will find that the treatment of blood pressure is different in different seasons, for example, blood pressure will drop more in summer than in winter, in this case, you should also consult your doctor to reasonably adjust the dose of hypertension, but do not easily stop using. Daily health care considerations for hypertensive patients: reduce mental stress, maintain a balanced psychology. Long-term mental stress and depression is one of the major causes of hypertension and other chronic diseases. Therefore, encourage hypertensive patients to participate in some activities such as physical exercise, participate in social activities, pay attention to confide in the confusion of the heart with family members and close friends, get persuasion and understanding, and maintain an optimistic state of mind. Avoid overweight and obesity, the simple calculation of standard weight is: standard weight (kg) = height (cm) – 105. measuring waist circumference is an easy way to measure obesity and overweight, China’s men’s waist circumference greater than 90 cm, women’s waist circumference greater than 80 cm is considered as obese. Take a reasonable diet and reduce the intake of sodium, it is recommended that each person’s daily salt intake should not exceed 6 grams. Reduce the intake of fat (note that it is not prohibited), supplemented with an appropriate amount of high-quality protein. Eat less sugar and sweets. Pay attention to the supplementation of potassium and calcium, the diet should be increased with foods that contain more potassium and high calcium, such as green leafy vegetables, fresh milk, soy products. Eat more vegetables and fruits. Quit smoking and limit alcohol, which can affect the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs and cause harm to the body. Advocate moderate exercise to regulate the balance of body and mind, the way of exercise can choose walking, tai chi, gymnastics and other activities, such as maintaining the ideal weight, it shows that the amount of exercise, exercise and lifestyle regulation is reasonable.