Early detection and treatment of tumors: According to statistics, if a correct diagnosis of cancer can be made at an early stage, the 5-year survival rate can reach 80%-90%. Many small changes in our body may be detected by ourselves at the earliest, and these changes are likely to be important clues for early diagnosis of cancer, such as many breast cancers are detected early through self-examination. To achieve early detection of tumor through self-examination, we need to learn some basic knowledge of cancer prevention and recognize some possible signals of cancer in early stage. The so-called early stage means that the tumor is still in the initial growth process, the lesion tissue is limited to a small part of the normal tissue, the infiltration is limited to the mucosa or submucosa layer, and the patient has no obvious symptoms or only slight symptoms. At the beginning of tumor development, tumor cells are limited to the initial site and have not yet penetrated the basement membrane, which is called “carcinoma in situ”. With the continuous proliferation of tumor cells, part of the tumor cells penetrate the basement membrane and develop into deep infiltration, which is called “early invasive cancer”. So, is there any early signal of cancer? 8 warning signs: 1. Hard nodes or lumps that can be touched (such as in the breast, skin and tongue). 2.Significant changes in warts or moles. 3, persistent hoarseness, dry cough without sputum and difficulty swallowing. 4.Persistent indigestion; irregular bowel movements. 5.Unusual heavy bleeding during menstruation, bleeding outside the menstrual period. 6.Unexplained bleeding from nose, ear, bladder or intestine. 7.Wounds that do not heal for a long time, swelling that does not go away. 8.Unexplained weight loss. The above symptoms may be the early manifestation of some cancers or may be caused by some common diseases, but no matter what, one should be alert and go to the hospital for examination in time once found. The following talks about the early symptoms of common tumors. Esophageal cancer: choking sensation in the throat, foreign body sensation in the esophagus, pain behind the sternum or pain in the throat, slow passage of food with stagnation, dryness and tightness in the throat, pain in the upper abdomen, stuffiness and discomfort behind the sternum. Stomach cancer 1.Unexplained epigastric discomfort, epigastric pain, loss of appetite, emaciation, weakness, especially middle-aged and elderly patients should pay attention to the above symptoms. Unexplained vomiting of blood and black stool. In particular, persistent positive fecal occult blood. 2. Patients with chronic gastric disease should be aware of the following conditions: ① Recent aggravation of symptoms or appearance of new symptoms, etc. ②After a major gastrectomy, gastrointestinal symptoms appear again. ③ Those who have been diagnosed with gastric ulcer, chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric polyps should be followed up regularly. Liver cancer: Some patients with early stage liver cancer may have symptoms such as loss of appetite, fatigue and weakness, discomfort or vague pain in the liver area, and distention and fullness in the upper abdomen. However, this is not unique to liver cancer and is often misdiagnosed as hepatitis and cholecystitis. Detection should be done for high-risk groups. These include: ① hepatitis B patients or hepatitis B virus carriers for more than 5 years; ② men over 40 years old with a history of chronic hepatitis; ③ long-term alcohol addiction; ④ current symptoms such as discomfort or pain in the liver area; ⑤ family history of liver cancer; ⑥ people belonging to high incidence areas or age groups are recommended to have liver cancer screening. Lung cancer: 1. irritating cough; 2. bloody sputum; 3. chest pain, chest tightness, croup, shortness of breath, etc.; 4. pulmonary tuberculosis with ineffective anti-TB treatment and enlarged intra-pulmonary shadow seen on X-ray. Extra-pulmonary symptoms: ①, bone and joint symptoms: painful swelling of bone and joint; ②, shoulder and back pain; ③, hoarseness; ④, neuromuscular symptoms; ⑤, gynecomastia; ⑥, recurrent pneumonia in a lobe or segment of the lung. Breast cancer: Common signs of breast cancer: (1) rock-like lumps; (2) cellulite skin; (3) nipple retraction; (4) nipple overflow; (5) enlarged axillary lymph nodes. Self-examination steps: (1) Take off your shirt and face the mirror to check whether there are any abnormalities in bilateral breasts, such as nipple overflow, skin wrinkling, indentation, nipple retraction, whether bilateral nipples are in the same plane, and whether there is any change in the contour; (2) When carefully looking at the breasts in the mirror, raise your arms upwards, cross your hands behind your head and press your fingers towards your head; cross your hands with force, turn your shoulders and elbows forward, and at the same time bend forward slightly. Bend over. While doing the above actions, you should pay attention to observe whether there are any abnormalities in the breasts as mentioned above. In the shower, after the skin of the breast is soaked with soap and water, it is easier to touch the subcutaneous breast structures by gently sliding the fingers over them; (3) Lift the left arm, put the fingers of the right hand together, and carefully touch the left breast. Use the fingertips to gently touch the inner upper, outer upper, outer lower, inner lower, and central areas of the breast in sequence, noting any lumps or obvious thickening; gently squeeze the nipple to observe any overflow. When examining, be careful not to use your fingers to grasp and pinch, as this could easily mistake normal breast tissue for a lump. It is important to feel all of the breast and not to miss it, especially the part between the axilla and the breast and the armpit. If you find any abnormalities, you should ask your doctor to review the diagnosis in time.