The latest statistics show that the incidence rate of thyroid cancer ranks fifth worldwide, but the rate of increase ranks first among all malignant tumors, regardless of geography, race, age and gender. Due to the above objective facts, there are two extreme perceptions of thyroid cancer in the society. The first one is the fear of thyroid cancer, and when they hear that someone they are familiar with has thyroid cancer, they will be extremely anxious, and if they have a small nodule on their thyroid, they will not be able to sleep or eat. Li Peng of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Department of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital correctly understands: Firstly, the incidence of thyroid nodules is very high in the population, about 30%, but the highest incidence of thyroid cancer is only about 10/100,000, which means that the total incidence is still low. Secondly, even if you have thyroid cancer, there is nothing to fear, 90% of thyroid cancer is papillary carcinoma, which is a pathological subtype with the best prognosis, and after regular treatment, one will not affect your life expectancy, and the other will not affect your quality of life. The second one is to overestimate and believe in some misleading information that the increased incidence of thyroid cancer is caused by over-examination and that thyroid cancer has such a good prognosis that the current treatment methods are all over-treatment and it does not matter if it is not treated or not treated thoroughly. Correct understanding: First, because thyroid cancer has such a good prognosis, there are indeed some controversies in the treatment methods nowadays, but the three major methods of surgery + endocrine therapy + nuclear therapy remain unchanged. Second, 90% of thyroid cancers are papillary carcinomas, which do have good prognosis, but 10% of non-papillary carcinomas, especially the rare undifferentiated carcinomas, have very high malignancy. Even for papillary carcinoma, few of them will recur after treatment and develop faster, which is also very tricky to treat, so it is very important to standardize the treatment for the first time.