In recent years, the incidence of nail cancer has tended to increase, and the incidence in younger age groups has also increased significantly. When patients are diagnosed, they are often extremely anxious. Patients are often anxious and seek medical help everywhere, which sometimes leads to serious adverse consequences. According to the pathology, nail cancer can be divided into four types: papillary thyroid cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, medullary carcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. Among them, papillary thyroid cancer, which is mostly seen in young people and most middle-aged people, has a good prognosis. The prognosis of follicular carcinoma is second only to papillary carcinoma, followed by medullary carcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma is poor. Papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma are differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Treatment is surgical and postoperative endocrine therapy, or iodine 131 radiation therapy according to the condition. Medullary carcinoma should also be treated by surgery + postoperative combination therapy. Undifferentiated carcinoma mostly progresses rapidly and has no chance of surgery.