The term ” malignant ” is used to describe tumors or cancers that metastasize p are difficult to treat p and can cause death. Malignant tumors are very different from benign tumors, which are less likely to metastasize p easier to treat p and less likely to be fatal. Metastatic disease The spine and its surrounding tissues have a very rich blood supply and communicate with many lumbar and abdominal cavernous organs through the Bartholin’s plexus. This explains why tumors in the abdomen and pelvis can metastasize to the spine. It is likely that tumors have metastasized to other parts of the body long before they spread or metastasize to the spine. Tumors that metastasize to the spine often cause severe pain. If the tumor is large enough to compress the spinal cord, it can not only exacerbate the pain, but also lead to loss of normal function of the leg, bowel and bladder. Although metastatic cancer is difficult to cure, the goal of treatment is to reduce pain, relieve the state of nerve compression (release the pressure on the spinal cord and nerves), and improve the patient’s quality of life as much as possible. Surgery p chemotherapy and local radiotherapy all help to relieve pain caused by tumors that have metastasized to the spine. Myeloma Myeloma is the most common major malignant bone tumor. It occurs in people over 40 years of age. It is asymptomatic and involves multiple bones, but low back pain and signs of spinal involvement are the most common symptoms. Treatment is palliative, meaning that the disease can be controlled, but not cured. Chemotherapy can reduce pain and prevent the condition from getting worse. Pathological fractures or spinal cord compression are indications for surgery for this condition. Osteosarcoma Osteosarcoma is another common malignant bone tumor second only to myeloma. This malignant tumor occurs in people of both ages, most often in adolescents and young adults, followed by the elderly. It rarely involves the spine. Modern advances in imaging, chemotherapy and surgery have resulted in a 5-year survival rate of more than 80% for patients with osteosarcoma. But just 20 years ago, people with this disease had to wait for death, which is a remarkable achievement. Leukemia Leukemia can manifest itself in a variety of ways, and if the lesion is located in the bone marrow within the vertebral body, it can produce painful symptoms. However, other more common symptoms of leukemia such as fever p malaise p bruising easily from collisions p excessive bleeding p anemia appear before the onset of back pain. Chordoma Although chordomas may occur in any segment of the spine, they tend to occur in the terminal spinal segment located at the cervical junction of the occipital bone or in the sacrococcygeal region. The incidence of chordoma is extremely low. Chordoma in the sacrococcygeal region occurs most often in middle-aged men, but it can occur in other age groups. Although imaging tests such as X-rays and MRI scans can be used to diagnose chordoma, the diagnosis of the disease depends on a biopsy of the tumor. Surgical removal of the tumor is preferred. The patient’s prognosis depends on the size of the tumor and the number of bones it invades, as well as several other factors.