Chronic hepatitis, this definition has a wide range, including chronic bacterial hepatitis, chronic viral hepatitis, chronic drug hepatitis, chronic metabolic hepatitis, etc. Here, we are referring specifically to chronic viral hepatitis, especially chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C. More than ten years ago, the principle of treatment of hepatitis by our doctors is to determine whether the liver function is normal, for hepatitis B with normal liver function we judge that healthy carriers are not treated, but in the last decade, with the understanding of chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C, the concept has changed a lot. First of all, talking about chronic hepatitis B, in our work we often find early cirrhosis or early hepatocellular carcinoma, liver function is normal, and only ultrasound, CT and other examinations can find the problem, even ultrasound, CT and other abnormalities are not found, and it is necessary to perform pathological examinations such as liver puncture to find that the liver disease has been very serious. So the need for treatment can not simply to liver function normal or not to judge, hepatitis B virus damage to the human liver is different from person to person, some patients hepatitis B onset to acute attacks, each attack transaminases are very high, can reach more than a few thousand, but not often, several years once, or even only once in a lifetime, the other time detection of liver function is normal, there are patients to sustained damage mainly, detection of transaminases only mildly elevated, but almost every test is abnormal, and there are even a few patients who have normal liver function almost every time they are tested, but still end up developing cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. The explanation for this evolution of hepatitis B is that although liver function is normal, liver damage is still occurring, only insidiously. That is why the guidelines now clearly state that for those who have been infected with the hepatitis B virus for more than six months, are over 40 years old, some recommend over 30 years old, have evidence of hepatitis B virus replication, and if liver function is normal, pathological examination of the liver is definitely recommended and treatment is strongly recommended if more than moderate inflammation and liver fibrosis are found. And for those with evidence of progressive liver disease or a family history of cirrhosis or liver cancer, such as enlarged spleen and cirrhosis, treatment is recommended even if liver function is normal. There are many similarities and differences between chronic hepatitis C and chronic hepatitis B. Similarities, both are chronic, and both can develop into cirrhosis and liver cancer. The differences are that chronic hepatitis C is more insidious, the infected person hardly feels any abnormalities, and most of the liver functions are mildly abnormal, so it is less likely to attract the attention of the patient, but chronic hepatitis C is more likely to become chronic than chronic hepatitis B, and the proportion of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer is higher. The biggest difference is that chronic hepatitis B is incurable, while chronic hepatitis C is curable. For chronic hepatitis B, with the introduction of antiviral drugs, we can treat chronic hepatitis B to the goal of “phenotypic” transitions. In particular, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is still much higher in patients who have converted to “epi” negative than in the natural population. As a result, the medical community continues to believe that chronic hepatitis B is currently incurable. However, chronic hepatitis C is recognized to be curable, and liver damage ceases as soon as the virus is cleared. We therefore treat chronic hepatitis C more aggressively and strongly recommend antiviral therapy whenever there is evidence of viral replication, regardless of whether liver function is normal or not.