Common malignant tumors in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery include: 1. Nasopharyngeal cancer: malignant tumor of the nasopharynx, which is highly prevalent in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan and Fujian provinces in China, and has obvious relationship with genetic factors. Early symptoms include: aspiration with bloody nose, headache, secretory otitis media, etc. The location of nasopharynx is hidden, so it is not easy to detect the tumor at an early stage. Understanding the early symptoms of nasopharyngeal cancer is the key to get early diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy and biopsy can detect and diagnose early nasopharyngeal cancer. 2.Laryngeal cancer: it is a malignant tumor of the larynx, mostly in the vocal cords. Long-term smoking, alcohol consumption, long-term living in air pollution and workers are prone to it. Laryngeal cancer and other respiratory malignant tumors, such as lung cancer, are on the rise in China, mainly because of the increasing pollution and the increase in the number of smokers. Second-hand smoke can also lead to laryngeal cancer, and smoking and alcohol consumption can increase the incidence of laryngeal cancer exponentially. Most of laryngeal cancers show hoarseness in early stage, which is easy to diagnose, and early surgery has small scope and good effect. Early stage but easy to be ignored by patients and not taken seriously. When the tumor is very large and affects breathing, the larynx may need to be removed to ensure the surgical effect. Endoscopy is the best method for early detection of laryngeal cancer. 3.Thyroid cancer: It is a malignant tumor of the thyroid gland. As this tumor has no other symptoms in early stage except for neck lump which affects the beauty, some malignant tumors are benign tumors before malignant transformation, which exist for a long time and only grow slowly, so it is easy to be ignored by patients, and when the cancer increases and then seek medical attention, it has often metastasized.