The main complications of breast cancer surgery include postoperative infection, bleeding, flap necrosis, limited shoulder movement, and upper limb edema. To treat these complications, prevention is the key. 1. Postoperative infection: incisional infection is the most common complication. Prevention methods include strengthening nutritional support before surgery and removing existing infection foci; if there is diabetes, etc., it should be well controlled before surgery and the skin well prepared; strict aseptic operation during surgery to avoid infection; and keeping the wound clean and dry after surgery. If there is infection, you can actively and reasonably change the local medication and give antibiotics to control the infection if necessary. 2, bleeding: prevention mainly relies on careful intraoperative hemostasis; for patients with coagulation dysfunction, coagulation factors or other blood products can be appropriately supplemented before surgery to improve coagulation; less postoperative tossing and coughing; postoperative attention to the position of drainage tube placement and pressure size, etc. If increased drainage and active bleeding occur after surgery, the doctor should be informed promptly and appropriate hemostatic measures should be taken. 3, flap necrosis: mostly occurs in the middle part of the incision where the flap tension is greatest, or because the flap is thinly peeled, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the flap, or because there is fluid under the skin so that the flap cannot adhere to the chest wall. Preventive measures for flap necrosis include: reasonable design of the incision before surgery, paying attention to the thickness when peeling the flap during surgery; correction of anemia and hypoproteinemia before and after surgery; postoperative attention to nutrition and supportive therapy to enhance the healing ability of the patient’s incision. For small area of necrosis, the flap can be cut out and treated by drug exchange and antibiotics; for larger area of necrosis, skin grafting treatment should be performed if necessary. 4. Restricted shoulder joint movement: Early postoperative shoulder joint exercise will be beneficial to shoulder joint function recovery. If proper functional rehabilitation is not performed early after surgery, shoulder joint movement may become impaired and affect the patient’s daily life. Therefore, it is advocated that functional training of the shoulder joint should be performed under the guidance of a physician after surgery, and that the exercise should be continued after discharge from the hospital. Functional exercises of the affected limb should be carried out gradually. Begin to move the wrist joint 24 hours after surgery, and practice finger extension, fist clenching, wrist flexion and elbow flexion movements during the bed rest period; you can practice hand touching the contralateral shoulder and ipsilateral ear 3~5 days after surgery, and shoulder joint elevation movements 5~7 days after surgery. After the drainage tube is removed, shoulder climbing exercises can be started, increasing day by day, and equipment exercises can be started 14 days after surgery. Pay attention to the height of both shoulders and try to keep the same during the exercise so as not to affect the body shape. 5.Oedema of the upper limb: Due to the lymph node clearance in the axilla during breast cancer surgery, the lymphatic reflux is blocked and the affected limb is prone to edema after surgery. It affects the function of the affected limb and causes patients’ emotional tension and depression, which seriously affects their quality of life. Most lymphedema occurs within 3 months to 3 years after surgery, so early postoperative upper limb functional exercises can prevent the occurrence of upper limb edema. The common methods of prevention of upper limb lymphedema are as follows: 1. The edema that occurs in the early postoperative period can often subside on its own. However, the edema that occurs after several months and years is often persistent or progressive, so the exercise and protection of the affected limb should be emphasized in the early postoperative period. 2.Frequent centripetal massage. Massage from the distal end of the limb to the proximal end to promote lymphatic reflux and reduce the possibility of lymphedema, and it is advisable to adhere to it for a long time. 3.Avoid excessive external pressure on the affected limb. Such as wearing tight clothes or tight-sleeved clothes, wearing too tight jewelry on the affected limb. Carry a heavy bag, carry heavy objects to measure blood pressure, etc. 4.Avoid prolonged drooping of the affected limb. When working statically for a long time, the affected limb should be elevated moderately to increase the return of lymphatic fluid. Try to avoid pressure on the affected limb when sleeping. 5.Avoid injury to the affected limb and any skin damage. Include various injections, blood draws, burns, mosquito bites, etc. Gloves should be worn when cleaning glassware and dishes to avoid cuts. Once the affected limb is injured, it should be promptly cleaned and covered with soap and water, and immediately seek the help of medical personnel. 6.For those who have suffered from edema of the affected limb, in excluding the recurrence of tumor. In case of infection, an elastic arm sleeve can be worn to promote the return of lymphatic fluid. Patients who participate in sports are also advised to use elastic arm sleeves to prevent the occurrence of water.