Minimally invasive surgery came into being in 1987 with the first successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed by Philipe Mouret in Lyon, France. In the past two decades, the means of minimally invasive surgery has not only been unexpectedly enriched and enriched, but also its wide range of application is also unexpected. In the treatment of tumors, minimally invasive surgery is not only used in every stage of tumor treatment, but also can complete most of the operations that can be done by traditional surgery, showing its superiority and irreplaceability in many aspects. During the long-term development of modern surgery, one of the goals that the surgical community has constantly pursued is how to minimize the harm to the patient caused by the operation itself on the basis of treating the disease. To achieve this goal, minimally invasive treatment of modern tumors is required to make a difference in the following two aspects: (1) to achieve the therapeutic purpose (radical treatment or palliation) as far as possible, and (2) to minimize the pain of the patient (including the pain caused by the medical origin and the disease itself), to maximally protect the functional integrity of the normal peritumor tissues and organs, and to improve the quality of life. Modern minimally invasive treatment of tumors is broadly divided into the following three aspects: (1) Laparoscopic surgery The use of laparoscopic technology to remove tumors is no longer news, and the application of laparoscopic colon cancer resection, rectal cancer resection, gastric cancer resection, ovary and uterine tumor resection, and even hepatic lobectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy, and so on, has been reported in many cases. Surgical trauma is indeed significantly reduced compared with traditional methods. However, its limitations cannot be ignored: the scope of lymph node dissection, tumor-free technique, and the completeness of resection specimen, etc., all have different degrees of defects. Meanwhile, the hazards to the organism of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum and hypercapnia, the respiratory cycle effect of pressure artificial pneumoperitoneum, the effect of pneumoperitoneum on renal hemodynamics, and abdominal compartment syndrome in laparoscopic surgical surgery are to be further elucidated. With the advancement of technology, the above defects and deficiencies have been continuously overcome and compensated. (2) Minimally invasive reform of traditional surgery In the past, in order to reduce the recurrence rate of tumors after surgery, the scope of surgical resection has been continuously expanded, but in the last 20 years, people have questioned the trauma and effect of expanded resection surgery. It has been recognized that the therapeutic effect of breast preservation surgery for early-stage breast cancer can be comparable to radical surgery, and its cosmetic effect is even beyond the reach of radical surgery. Prof. Tang Zhaoyou, a famous hepatobiliary surgeon, also suggested that the efficacy of local resection of liver cancer is far better than lobectomy, and the 5-year survival rate can reach 64.4%. When patients with liver cancer combined with cirrhosis undergo hepatic lobectomy, some of them die of liver failure after successful surgery, while the mortality rate of localized resection is significantly lower and the survival time is significantly prolonged. With the expansion of the longevity population, the proportion of elderly patients with malignant tumors and patients with cardiopulmonary and other important organ diseases is gradually increasing, and many patients are unable to tolerate traditional surgery, which also requires us to carry out minimally invasive reform of traditional surgery. (3) Others: interventional therapy, radiofrequency therapy, microwave therapy, ultrasound focused therapy, photodynamic therapy, argon helium knife therapy, radioactive particle implantation and so on. Unlike the first 2 methods of direct tumor removal implemented by surgeons, such methods are diverse and have different principles, but the result is in situ inactivation of the tumor and are implemented by doctors from internal medicine, radiology, ultrasound and other departments. Especially in the treatment of liver tumors, methods such as radiofrequency and anhydrous ethanol injection have achieved the same efficacy as surgical resection, and have the tendency to replace resection of liver cancer. In general, minimally invasive treatment of tumors has the following advantages: (1) Small trauma, only a very small incision or no incision on the body surface, fast recovery. (2) Exact local curative effect. (3) It can play the role of radical treatment for early-stage tumors, and palliative treatment such as tumor reduction can be achieved in late-stage. (4) Accurate positioning, good selectivity and maximum protection of normal tissue and organ functions. Due to the above advantages, minimally invasive therapy has become an important and indispensable part of comprehensive tumor treatment. Minimally invasive therapy is a kind of local treatment means, which has absolute advantages in controlling and eliminating local foci compared with chemotherapy and biotherapy, but it is not omnipotent. In practice, we cannot pursue minimally invasive in a biased way. Only by strictly grasping the indications, reasonably choosing appropriate means and combining other effective methods can we fully realize the advantages of minimally invasive treatment and improve the therapeutic effect.