Cholesteatoma of the middle ear is not a real tumor, but a pseudo-tumor formed in the middle ear cavity due to the abnormal accumulation of squamous epithelium of keratin in the middle ear cavity. Cholesteatoma of the middle ear may cause some damage to the hearing system, such as hearing loss, pus in the middle ear, and even vertigo and tinnitus, which are detrimental to human health and require active treatment. In order to minimize the impact of middle ear cholesteatoma on a patient’s hearing, surgery should be performed as soon as possible to avoid or reduce the complications associated with middle ear cholesteatoma.