The causes of rectal polyps are complex. For patients with inflammatory rectal polyp lesions, they need to actively treat the primary pathology and control the symptoms, and can choose glucocorticoids, salicylic acid agents and other medications accordingly; while for patients with other types of rectal polyp lesions, they need to be treated surgically. Rectal polyps occur for a variety of reasons, combined with the causes and pathological types, mainly divided into inflammatory polyps, adenomatous polyps, misshapen polyps, hyperplastic polyps and so on. Inflammatory polyps are associated with chronic inflammatory lesions in the intestinal tract, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Combined with the patient’s condition, glucocorticoids, salicylic acid preparations, antibiotic drugs and other medications can be chosen, such as prednisolone, mesalazine, levofloxacin and other drugs. With treatment, it is possible for inflammatory polyps to fall off or shrink on their own. Other types of rectal polyp lesions need to be treated with follow-up observation or surgery, depending on the patient’s condition.