Molecular diagnosis of “leukemia and lymphoma” can help to understand the pathogenesis of the disease; according to the characteristics of each patient’s condition and basic physical condition, individualized treatment plans are selected, such as various forms of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, bioimmunotherapy and “targeted therapy” with different drugs and doses. “targeted therapies”, etc., taking into account the overall and local aspects of the patient, weighing the pros and cons, ensuring the therapeutic effect while maximizing the protection of the patient’s organs and vital energy and reducing treatment-related side effects or adverse reactions, which is of great value as a guide for the treatment of elderly hematologic tumor patients in particular. In addition, molecular examination and diagnosis are also of great importance in the prognosis and diagnosis of immune-related diseases such as thrombocytopenia and aplastic anemia, as well as in the prevention of relapse after complete remission of leukemia.