Excision: complete exposure of the dura, that is, after using electrocoagulation of the dura to stop bleeding, cut open the dura and expose the pituitary tumour, then use biopsy forceps to scrape the spoon, and special instruments and suction to remove most or all of the pituitary tumour. Usually no skull base repair is required, but if there is a nasal leak of cerebrospinal fluid, it can be repaired with a fascial or nasal mucosal filling.