The history and current situation of thermotherapy: Tumor thermotherapy is a kind of treatment method that refers to the use of heating to treat tumor in general. The basic principle is to use physical energy to heat the whole body or local body to raise the temperature of tumor tissues to the effective treatment temperature and maintain it for a certain period of time, so as to achieve the treatment purpose of making tumor cells apoptosis without damaging normal tissues by using the difference of temperature tolerance ability between normal tissues and tumor cells. Tumor thermotherapy has become the fifth major therapy after surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and is a new and effective means to treat tumors. In addition to treating tumors alone, heat therapy can also complement chemotherapy, radiotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine to increase the sensitivity of patients to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine. It can kill malignant tumor cells more effectively, improve patients’ survival quality and prolong their lives, and at the same time reduce the side effects caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, so it is called “green therapy” by the international medical community. Heat therapy (hyperthermia) has a long history. As early as human beings could use fire, they gradually knew how to use heat to treat diseases, i.e., using heated objects to iron and burn on the sick body surface. Since then, this healing method has been combined with the traditional Chinese medical theory of meridians and has evolved into the “moxibustion” method. In an ancient Egyptian account from 1800 B.C., it was said that “a man with a tumor in his chest was treated with a fire drill.” This is about the earliest record of heat treatment of tumors. The famous ancient Greek doctor Hippocrates (460 BC ~ 370 BC) (equivalent to the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods in China) believed that “those diseases that cannot be cured by medicine can be treated by surgery, and those that cannot be cured by surgery can be treated by heat, and diseases that cannot be cured by heat cannot be cured.” In modern times, in 1866 Bush, a German internist, documented a case of a histologically confirmed malignant tumor located on the face that regressed after two infections with dermatomycosis hyperthermia. His report attracted attention, and in 1896 Coley, based on the Bush report and several other similar reports, concluded that tumors could be treated by bacteria-induced dermatophytosis. He treated 17 cases of inoperable carcinoma with dentin inoculation induced hyperthermia (38?C to 40?C) and cured 3 cases; 17 cases of inoperable sarcoma were cured in 7 cases. In addition to the effect of heat, immunotherapy may have played a role in this treatment. In the mid-1970s, the “wax bath” method was used to heat the whole body by placing the patient in a device containing molten paraffin liquid and inhaling hot gas. In 1977, Larkings et al. used a warm water blanket wrapped heating method. In 1978, Siemens invented a heating chamber, and in 1979, Bull et al. used a hot water suit to heat the whole body through the body surface. 1979, Parks et al. began to use extracorporeal circulation to heat the blood and raise the whole body temperature. This method resulted in uniform temperature distribution, easy control, and a short induction period. The generation and development of these methods has resulted in the current systemic thermotherapy. The classification and application scope of commonly used thermal therapy techniques: The following thermal therapy methods are commonly used in clinical practice: 1.Microwave heating method: microwave heating of the heated part by microwave radiator, mainly used for the treatment of superficial tumors. 2.Radiofrequency heating method: symmetrical electrodes are placed on the heated area, and the heating is carried out through the radiofrequency 40.68MHz electrical load generated between the electrodes, which is mainly used for large superficial tumors and deep tumors. The principle of the above two kinds of thermal therapy is to use physical methods to heat the tissues to a temperature that can kill tumor cells (42.5℃-43.5℃) for 60-120 minutes to achieve a method that not only destroys tumor cells but also does not damage normal tissues (the temperature safety limit of normal tissue cells is 45℃±1℃). Heat therapy not only has a direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells, but also can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine, improve the immunity of the body and inhibit the metastasis of tumor. Because of the distorted and dilated blood vessels, high resistance to blood flow and incompetent vascular receptors in tumor tissues, they have poor sensitivity to temperature, which makes it difficult to dissipate heat under the action of high temperature, heat is easy to be focused and heats up quickly, forming a huge heat storage reservoir, which can have a temperature difference of 5-10℃ with normal tissues; while normal cells can tolerate high heat from 42.5℃ to 43.5℃ for a long time, thus killing tumor cells without affecting normal cells, and will not It will not cause adverse effects such as bone marrow suppression and hair loss. This is the unique feature of thermotherapy, which is different from chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Moreover, heat therapy is only purely “extractive” physical heat, which will not cause adverse pollution to people and the environment. For example, Zhou Bing, ovarian cancer, large amount of chest and ascites. 3.Ultrasound heating method: In 1910, it was discovered in Germany that ultrasound could increase the temperature of subcutaneous tissue, and thus it was realized that the heating of subcutaneous tissue could be realized by applying ultrasound technology. Then ultrasound heating technology was developed according to this principle and soon applied in clinical practice. High-energy ultrasound focused tumor treatment system, commonly known as “sea knife, ultrasound knife”, is the use of ultrasound penetration depth, strong directivity, good focusing performance of the advantages of most low-energy ultrasound focused super, through the role of water medium coupling, deep inside the human tumor, instantly make the target group of tissue warming to 70-100 ℃, resulting in The high temperature effect, mechanical effect and cavitation effect will cause the target tissues to produce qualitative changes mainly coagulative necrosis and lose the ability of proliferation, infiltration and metastasis, while having little effect on the normal tissues outside the target area. High-intensity focused ultrasound knife can observe the tumor size, location, shape and relationship with adjacent tissues and organs through real-time monitoring ultrasound, and plan out the “resection” range. It can not only completely remove the tumor but also protect the surrounding normal tissues, and at the same time, it can initially judge the treatment effect according to the changes of the sonogram after the treatment. Because of the non-invasive treatment of tumor, it will not reduce the body’s resistance, but will increase the body’s anti-tumor immunity in some patients with low immunity. There will be no medical dissemination of tumor. It can eliminate tumors of about 3cm in size at one time, and larger tumors can be removed for several times, primary and secondary. Clinical indications of thermal therapy: Microwave and radiofrequency thermal therapy can often be applied as follows: 1. Thermal therapy alone can be used for palliative treatment of advanced tumor patients who have relapsed after radiotherapy, chemotherapy or surgery and are not suitable to continue the above treatment; and can relieve the intractable pain of advanced tumor and improve the quality of life of patients. In addition, direct heat therapy can be given to certain superficial tumors such as breast cancer and skin cancer. 2. Combined thermotherapy: Combination of thermotherapy and chemotherapy, i.e. thermal chemotherapy, can increase the concentration of drugs in tumor and enhance the anti-tumor effect; meanwhile, it can reduce the toxic effect of chemotherapy drugs on unheated normal tissues; the combination of the two can also help prevent and delay the generation of drug resistance. In addition, tumor cells located in the central part of tumor are in hypoxic state and insensitive to radiation, which cannot be completely killed after radiotherapy, and often become the root cause of tumor recurrence, while the effect of heat therapy is particularly strong for such fractionated tumor cells; therefore, heat therapy can make up for the shortage of radiotherapy, and the combination can improve the efficacy. The combination of heat therapy and traditional Chinese medicine can increase the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine. Heat therapy is applicable to: 1. various malignant tumors: such as lung cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, liver metastasis cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, etc. Cancerous thoracoabdominopelvic effusion. 2.Acute and chronic inflammation: such as frozen shoulder, arthritis, chronic pelvic inflammation, pelvic abscess, gastritis, colitis, phlebitis and other diseases. 3.All kinds of pain: such as low back and leg pain, sciatica, cancer pain, etc. 4.Gynecological diseases: mastitis, lobular hyperplasia of breast, pelvic inflammatory disease, adnexitis, pelvic effusion, tubal inflammatory obstruction infertility, vulvar eczema, vaginitis, etc. 5.Five senses diseases: rhinitis, pharyngitis, otitis media and other acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. 6.Surgical diseases: acute and chronic inflammation of soft tissue, tenosynovitis, synovitis, arthritis, joint cavity effusion, joint sprain, disc protrusion, lumbar muscle strain, surgical wound infection, traumatic wet lung, prostatitis, urethritis, bedsore, stubborn skin ulcer, etc. 7, dermatological diseases: herpes zoster, skin eczema, chronic dermatitis, etc. 8.Immune function low disease. The advantage of focused ultrasound treatment is that it conforms to the concept of green non-invasive treatment, no surgical incision, no ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination, no general anesthesia for patients, and low physical requirements for patients, suitable for early, middle and late stage patients. Another characteristic of focused ultrasound therapy is that its treatment principle determines the same therapeutic effect on various pathological types of benign and malignant tumors. Because of the adoption of ultrasound positioning and real-time dynamic monitoring in treatment, it achieves conformal treatment for different patients, so the treatment has exact destruction of tumor, high treatment efficiency, slight damage to surrounding tissues and low treatment-related complications. Since ultrasound has no dose accumulation toxicity, it can be repeatedly treated and patients can be treated on an outpatient basis, which is very convenient. Ultrasonic knife treatment is the best local treatment for tumor with the best safety. It is suitable for: benign tumors: such as uterine fibroids, benign prostatic hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Various malignant tumors that ultrasound can show the site such as: abdominopelvic tumor, soft tissue tumor, superficial tissue tumor.