Whenever there is a medical checkup, there are always “small nodules” found in the lungs. What do you think about these small nodules that are found incidentally in the lungs? How should they be treated? Generally, nodules growing in the lungs are classified as benign or malignant. Benign ones include inflammatory pseudotumors, malignant tumors, and tuberculosis spheres, while malignant lesions may be lung cancer or metastatic cancer in the lung. Statistical results show that malignant lesions account for more than 70% of small solitary nodules in the lung larger than 1 cm in diameter. Such data warns us that small intrapulmonary nodules should not be ignored. In the past, there were two approaches to management. The aggressive approach was to open the chest for investigation, but the huge trauma of surgery often discouraged many patients. The other approach is to review the chest CT regularly and observe it closely. However, there are often patients who find tumor enlargement or thoracic metastasis in the process of observation and miss the valuable opportunity of early surgery. Minimally invasive surgery —- fully thoracoscopic surgical treatment solves this dilemma. The exploration and biopsy of pulmonary nodules in the chest cavity can be accomplished through 2-3 small holes of about 1-1.5 cm in the chest wall. If the lesion is benign, it will be removed completely under full thoracoscopy, eliminating unnecessary worries; if the lesion is malignant, lobectomy and lymph node dissection will be performed under full thoracoscopy, which not only ensures early cure of the tumor, but also minimizes the surgical trauma and maximizes the life of the patient. In this way, the health checkup can really play its proper role.