Atrial fibrillation is a potentially life-threatening condition, but it depends on the severity of the condition. Atrial fibrillation is a form of cardiac arrhythmia. For mild atrial fibrillation, if it lasts for a short period of time and the patient has no other symptoms, it is usually not life-threatening and does not require special treatment. However, for patients with frequent episodes of atrial fibrillation over a long period of time, it may lead to other symptoms such as cardiac insufficiency, arrhythmia and heart failure, and may even lead to dislodgment of blood clots, resulting in complications such as cerebral thrombosis, which will ultimately threaten the patient’s life. The main treatments for this disease are resetting the heart rhythm, controlling the ventricular rate and anticoagulation, and drugs such as digitalis and iodine can be given at the same time to control the condition. Among them, controlling the ventricular rate is one of the most important tools in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Patients with atrial fibrillation should have frequent electrocardiogram monitoring to keep abreast of the control of ventricular rate, and pay attention to the improvement of lifestyle and low-salt diet to avoid increasing myocardial oxygen consumption and improve the survival rate of patients.