We are often asked by our patients and colleagues whether surgery for otitis media can improve hearing. In order to facilitate further understanding of this issue, the following is a brief answer: Theoretically, there will be three results of middle ear surgery hearing: hearing improvement, hearing unchanged, hearing loss (including total deafness), the proportion of hearing improvement in middle ear surgery accounts for the majority, but there are some patients with no change in hearing after surgery, and even individual patients with hearing loss! Generally speaking, patients with long lesions, heavy damage to the auditory bone, and sensorineural deafness have poorer hearing recovery.