How can cerebral infarction, a frequent and high incidence disease in the elderly group, invade young people? Undeniably, with the improvement of living standards, the onset of hypertension, atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia is getting younger and younger, leading to the early occurrence of cerebral infarction. In addition, symptoms such as mouth ulcers, facial rash, dry mouth, dry eyes, discoloration of hands and feet in winter when they are cold, and inability to measure blood pressure in one limb, which are not taken seriously, are often related to the occurrence of cerebral infarction. Mouth ulcers, facial rashes, dry mouth, dry eyes, discoloration of the hands and feet in winter when they are cold, and blood pressure in one limb that cannot be measured …… These are often common symptoms of some rheumatic diseases. Do you visit the doctor for these symptoms on a regular basis? Today let us take stock of which rheumatic diseases have the risk of cerebral infarction. 1, aortitis Aortitis, belonging to the rheumatic immune disease inside the vasculitis, is a chronic, granulomatous inflammatory disease of the large arteries. It mainly involves the aorta and its branches and is more common in young women, with a prevalence between the ages of 25 and 30. The clinical manifestations of aortitis vary widely, from nonspecific fever, malaise, joint pain, weight loss, and memory loss to headache, dizziness, blackouts, syncope, vision loss, intermittent claudication, and hypertension due to local vascular involvement. Depending on the involved vessels, it may manifest as bilateral blood pressure inconsistency, diminished or absent pulse, large vessel murmur and aortic regurgitation. Cerebral infarction may occur when the blood vessels supplying the brain, such as the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, vertebral artery and middle cerebral artery, are diseased. Young people, especially young women, should be highly suspicious of aortitis if they have “cold” and low-grade fever symptoms, wandering pain, dizziness, especially blurred vision, loss of pulse and cold limbs for more than a week, and should go to an experienced hospital for timely examination, early diagnosis and timely treatment. 2. Leukoarthrosis Leukoarthrosis, also a kind of vasculitis. It manifests as recurrent oral ulcers, vulvar ulcers, ophthalmia and skin damage, and can also involve blood vessels, nervous system, digestive tract and joints. Clinical subtypes include gastrointestinal, neurological, and vascular. The term “neuroleptic” refers to central neuropathy, which can include various cerebral infarcts, cerebral hemangiomas, and demyelinating lesions of the brain and crestal medulla due to insufficient blood supply to the tiny vessels of the central nervous system. Many patients who have recurrent mouth ulcers do not pay attention to them, and only when they suddenly develop cerebral infarction do they go to the hospital. Leukoarthrosis is a systemic disease with lesions from the skin to the internal organs, and when cerebral infarction occurs, it often indicates that leukoarthrosis is widespread and increases the difficulty of treatment. 3. Systemic lupus erythematosus/antiphospholipid syndrome SLE is the “representative disease” of rheumatologic immune diseases and is most common in women of childbearing age between 20 and 40 years old. The pathogenesis of lupus is based on vasculitis, and when the blood vessels in the brain are involved, cerebral infarction may occur. Lupus encephalopathy can be the first symptom in patients with lupus, or it can be seen when the disease flares up. Lupus encephalopathy has a variety of lesions and can present with seizures and psychiatric abnormalities in addition to cerebral infarction. Some patients with lupus may develop antiphospholipid syndrome secondary to lupus. The clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome include recurrent habitual abortions, thrombocytopenia, recurrent arteriovenous thrombosis, skin ulcers, and reticulocutaneous cyanosis. Young women of childbearing age with cerebral infarction should be alerted to antiphospholipid syndrome if they also have >2 spontaneous abortions or thrombocytopenia. Currently, the diagnosis and treatment of diseases are increasingly focused on etiology. The occurrence of any disease is well documented, and clinical attention must be paid to the pursuit of medical history and exhaustive physical examination. As a patient, you should also pay attention to the small changes in your body and learn some scientific knowledge about the disease, so as to prevent the disease from happening as early as possible.