Most parents (especially the elderly in the family) have the misconception that bedwetting in children, which we commonly call bedwetting, is just a process of growth and development of the child and will be fine when they grow up, so they do not pay enough attention to it. Nowadays, more and more people understand that bedwetting is actually a disease. If a child over 5 years old still can’t control urination at night, especially after falling asleep, and still urinates involuntarily, and he or she doesn’t even know it’s happening, then it’s a disease, and we call it enuresis. There are many causes of bedwetting or enuresis, and clinically it is generally divided into secondary and primary. Secondary means that the child has some other organic disease, for example, the child has congenital serious malformation and dysfunction of urinary system development, such as neuronal bladder, spinal bulge, etc. These are serious diseases that have some basis and can cause bedwetting. Some children have diabetes mellitus and also show signs of bedwetting, and these have to be ruled out by some preliminary tests at the hospital. The most frequently encountered clinical cases are still primary enuresis, especially simple nocturnal enuresis, which has a very high incidence. Simple nocturnal enuresis may be caused by the following: First, a defect in the secretion of antidiuretic hormone at night. Normal human urination is controlled by many hormones, one of which is called antidiuretic hormone, which controls urination. This hormone causes a decrease in urine output and also causes a normal reflex when urinating. This hormone, in normal people, is secreted in increased amounts at night, so most people, at night, have significantly less urine, and the urine is relatively concentrated, and if there is a lot of urine, it can also cause the brain to be alerted and get up to urinate through the bladder reflex. But if the secretion of antidiuretic hormone decreases at night, one shows a significant increase in the amount of urine at night, and in addition, even if there is a lot of urine and the bladder is already full, it does not achieve a good wake-up function. Secondly, there is a problem with bladder function, called overactive bladder. The bladder is supposed to be relatively relaxed at night while sleeping, and it is only after a large amount of urine is produced that there are contractions and appropriate muscle changes that cause the child to wake up and urinate. Some children have overexcited bladders at night, which can cause uncoordinated bladder contraction and relaxation, as well as affect brain arousal, and these cause nighttime enuresis. Thirdly, the problem of cortical activity causes a disorder in waking period of sleep, and the child does not wake up easily. In addition, you will also find that there is a certain genetic tendency for enuresis. When a parent has enuresis, the chances of the child’s enuresis are much higher. One study showed that if both parents have enuresis, the incidence of enuresis in the child can be as high as 75%. Generally for children with primary nocturnal enuresis it mainly affects the child’s energy because of repeated such bedwetting at night, urinating in bed, which can affect the child’s sleep. At the same time, because of bedwetting, underwear is often will be wet, at night if not changed in time, prone to infections, such as vulvodynia, urinary tract infections occur. In other cases, the child’s study and other aspects of life will be greatly affected. For children who do not improve well for a long time, the psychological impact can be great. There are many studies that suggest that children with enuresis have poorer self-confidence and anxiety scores than normal children. Some parents have questions about whether enuresis affects the child’s intelligence and causes hyperactivity. There is a lot of international research on this, and some studies show that some children with ADHD have a relatively high incidence of enuresis; also, enuresis has an impact on the child’s learning. But generally speaking, the intelligence of these children is not affected. However, foreign experts have found through systematic follow-up studies that children with late self-healing bedwetting have a lower average IQ than normal children, and are slower than normal children in terms of physical development, and grow up to have a lower average height and weight than normal people, therefore, parents should not take the problem of bedwetting in their children lightly. Bedwetting is particularly serious for children and can have a great impact on the life of the whole family. Parents put a lot of effort into this, sleep poorly at night, and affect their work. Some of them also affect the relationship between parents and children, and even confrontation. So these situations make it necessary for us to have a new understanding of enuresis, of bedwetting as a disease, to see that it may bring some psychological and physical effects to the child, to give enough attention and treatment.